Carbon monoxide

Disclaimer: The CLP/GHS classification is not regularly updated in Chemsafe. For up-to-date information, please use the ECHA database. ( https://echa.europa.eu/en/information-on-chemicals )

Boiling point

1

1990

Nabert, K.; Schön, G.

-192 °C

UTI: 5510-024-002/20111005

UTI: 5510-024-002/20111005;

Line no	Boiling temperature	Critical temperature	Melting temperature	Relative gas density	Molar mass
	defined value at atmospheric pressure property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance	defined value at atmospheric pressure property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance
1	-192 °C	-140 °C	-205 °C	0.97	28 g/mol

Bibliographic data

Title	Sicherheitstechnische Kennzahlen brennbarer Gase und Dämpfe (with 6. Supplement)
Author	Nabert, K.; Schön, G.
Year	1990
Publisher	Deutscher Eichverlag;Braunschweig (Pub.)
Abstract English	Safety values of about 1000 flammable gases and vapors: Explosion limits, ignition temperatures, flash points, explosion pressures.
Abstract German	Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen von ca. 1000 Gasen und Dämpfen: Explosionsgrenzen, Zündtemperaturen, Flammpunkte, Explosionsdrücke.
Language	GERM

2

2016

BAM

-191.5 °C

UTI: 5000-000-003/20111005

UTI: 5000-000-003/20111005;

Line no	Melting temperature	Boiling temperature	Molar mass	Relative gas density
	defined value at atmospheric pressure property of pure substance	defined value at atmospheric pressure property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance
1	-205.1 °C	-191.5 °C	28.01 g/mol	0.97

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics and Classifications of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

Critical density

1

Critical Data

2016

BAM

0.301 g/cm3

UTI: 5000-000-004/20111005

Critical Data

UTI: 5000-000-004/20111005;

Line no	Critical temperature	Critical pressure	Critical density
	defined value property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance
1	-140.2 °C	3499 kPa	0.301 g/cm3

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics and Classifications of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

Critical point

1

1990

Nabert, K.; Schön, G.

-140 °C

UTI: 5510-024-002/20111005

UTI: 5510-024-002/20111005;

Line no	Boiling temperature	Critical temperature	Melting temperature	Relative gas density	Molar mass
	defined value at atmospheric pressure property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance	defined value at atmospheric pressure property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance
1	-192 °C	-140 °C	-205 °C	0.97	28 g/mol

Bibliographic data

Title	Sicherheitstechnische Kennzahlen brennbarer Gase und Dämpfe (with 6. Supplement)
Author	Nabert, K.; Schön, G.
Year	1990
Publisher	Deutscher Eichverlag;Braunschweig (Pub.)
Abstract English	Safety values of about 1000 flammable gases and vapors: Explosion limits, ignition temperatures, flash points, explosion pressures.
Abstract German	Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen von ca. 1000 Gasen und Dämpfen: Explosionsgrenzen, Zündtemperaturen, Flammpunkte, Explosionsdrücke.
Language	GERM

2

Critical Data

2016

BAM

-140.2 °C

UTI: 5000-000-004/20111005

Critical Data

UTI: 5000-000-004/20111005;

Line no	Critical temperature	Critical pressure	Critical density
	defined value property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance
1	-140.2 °C	3499 kPa	0.301 g/cm3

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics and Classifications of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

Density

1

2003

BAM

101.3 kPa

0 °C

1.251 kg/m3

UTI: 5560-034-001/20111005

UTI: 5560-034-001/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Density
	Parameter of the measurement property of pure substance	Parameter of the measurement property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance
1	0 °C	101.3 kPa	1.251 kg/m3

Bibliographic data

Year	2003
Title	Gasatlas
Database	BAM
Language	GERM

2

2016

BAM

101.3 kPa

0 °C

1.251 kg/m3

UTI: 5016-019-001/20111005

UTI: 5016-019-001/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Density
	Parameter of the measurement property of pure substance	Parameter of the measurement property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance
1	0 °C	101.3 kPa	1.251 kg/m3

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Densities of Pure Gases
Database	BAM
Language	GERM

Melting point

1

1990

Nabert, K.; Schön, G.

-205 °C

UTI: 5510-024-002/20111005

UTI: 5510-024-002/20111005;

Line no	Boiling temperature	Critical temperature	Melting temperature	Relative gas density	Molar mass
	defined value at atmospheric pressure property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance	defined value at atmospheric pressure property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance
1	-192 °C	-140 °C	-205 °C	0.97	28 g/mol

Bibliographic data

Title	Sicherheitstechnische Kennzahlen brennbarer Gase und Dämpfe (with 6. Supplement)
Author	Nabert, K.; Schön, G.
Year	1990
Publisher	Deutscher Eichverlag;Braunschweig (Pub.)
Abstract English	Safety values of about 1000 flammable gases and vapors: Explosion limits, ignition temperatures, flash points, explosion pressures.
Abstract German	Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen von ca. 1000 Gasen und Dämpfen: Explosionsgrenzen, Zündtemperaturen, Flammpunkte, Explosionsdrücke.
Language	GERM

2

2016

BAM

-205.1 °C

UTI: 5000-000-003/20111005

UTI: 5000-000-003/20111005;

Line no	Melting temperature	Boiling temperature	Molar mass	Relative gas density
	defined value at atmospheric pressure property of pure substance	defined value at atmospheric pressure property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance
1	-205.1 °C	-191.5 °C	28.01 g/mol	0.97

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics and Classifications of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

Molar mass

1

1990

Nabert, K.; Schön, G.

28 g/mol

UTI: 5510-024-002/20111005

UTI: 5510-024-002/20111005;

Line no	Boiling temperature	Critical temperature	Melting temperature	Relative gas density	Molar mass
	defined value at atmospheric pressure property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance	defined value at atmospheric pressure property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance
1	-192 °C	-140 °C	-205 °C	0.97	28 g/mol

Bibliographic data

Title	Sicherheitstechnische Kennzahlen brennbarer Gase und Dämpfe (with 6. Supplement)
Author	Nabert, K.; Schön, G.
Year	1990
Publisher	Deutscher Eichverlag;Braunschweig (Pub.)
Abstract English	Safety values of about 1000 flammable gases and vapors: Explosion limits, ignition temperatures, flash points, explosion pressures.
Abstract German	Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen von ca. 1000 Gasen und Dämpfen: Explosionsgrenzen, Zündtemperaturen, Flammpunkte, Explosionsdrücke.
Language	GERM

2

2016

BAM

28.01 g/mol

UTI: 5000-000-003/20111005

UTI: 5000-000-003/20111005;

Line no	Melting temperature	Boiling temperature	Molar mass	Relative gas density
	defined value at atmospheric pressure property of pure substance	defined value at atmospheric pressure property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance
1	-205.1 °C	-191.5 °C	28.01 g/mol	0.97

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics and Classifications of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

Relative gas density

1

1990

Nabert, K.; Schön, G.

0.97

UTI: 5510-024-002/20111005

UTI: 5510-024-002/20111005;

Line no	Boiling temperature	Critical temperature	Melting temperature	Relative gas density	Molar mass
	defined value at atmospheric pressure property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance	defined value at atmospheric pressure property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance
1	-192 °C	-140 °C	-205 °C	0.97	28 g/mol

Bibliographic data

Title	Sicherheitstechnische Kennzahlen brennbarer Gase und Dämpfe (with 6. Supplement)
Author	Nabert, K.; Schön, G.
Year	1990
Publisher	Deutscher Eichverlag;Braunschweig (Pub.)
Abstract English	Safety values of about 1000 flammable gases and vapors: Explosion limits, ignition temperatures, flash points, explosion pressures.
Abstract German	Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen von ca. 1000 Gasen und Dämpfen: Explosionsgrenzen, Zündtemperaturen, Flammpunkte, Explosionsdrücke.
Language	GERM

2

2006

0.97

UTI: 5594-012-001/20111005

UTI: 5594-012-001/20111005;

Line no	Relative gas density
	defined value property of pure substance
1	0.97

Bibliographic data

Year	2006
Title	DIN EN ISO 14912 Gas analysis - Conversion of gas mixture composition data (ISO 14912 :2003) German version EN ISO 14912:2006
Institution	DIN,Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V.
Language	ENGL

3

2016

BAM

0.97

UTI: 5000-000-003/20111005

UTI: 5000-000-003/20111005;

Line no	Melting temperature	Boiling temperature	Molar mass	Relative gas density
	defined value at atmospheric pressure property of pure substance	defined value at atmospheric pressure property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance
1	-205.1 °C	-191.5 °C	28.01 g/mol	0.97

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics and Classifications of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

Autoignition Temperature

1

2016

BAM

605 °C

UTI: 5000-000-002/20111005

UTI: 5000-000-002/20111005;

Line no	Autoignition Temperature	Maximum explosion pressure	Maximum experimental safe gap	Stoichiometric fraction of combustible substance in mixture with air	Stoichiometric fraction of combustible substance in mixture with oxygen
	recommended value according to german standard property of pure substance	recommended value experimental property of pure substance	recommended value property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance
1	605 °C [A] [1]	8.2 bar	0.94 mm	29.5 Mol%	66.7 Mol%

[A] DIN 51794: Testing of mineral oil hydrocarbons - Determination of ignition temperature; measurements are technically identical to those of ISO/IEC 80079-20-1 but results are treated differently.

[1] Test method: DIN 51794 or comparable methods

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics and Classifications of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

2

1985

Kuchta, J. M.

609 °C

UTI: 5513-033-001/20111005

UTI: 5513-033-001/20111005;

Line no	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit	Autoignition Temperature
	25 °C, 1 bar property of pure substance	25 °C, 1 bar property of pure substance	property of pure substance
1	12.5 Vol%	74 Vol%	609 °C

Bibliographic data

Title	Investigation of Fire and Explosion Accidents in the Chemical, Mining, and Fuel-Related Industries - A Manual (Bulletin 680)
Author	Kuchta, J. M.
Year	1985
Abstract English	Summary of explosion limits, flash points, ignition temperatures and chemical-physical data of liquid and gaseous compounds (gaseous combustion in air at atmospheric pressure); Appendix A
Abstract German	Zusammenstellung von Explosionsgrenzen, Flammpunkten, Zündtemperaturen und chemisch-physikalischen Daten von Flüssigkeiten und Gasen (Explosion in der Gasphase bei Atmosphärendruck); Appendix A
Document Number	DEDO-117
Institution	U.S. Bureau of Mines
Publisher	United States Government Printing Office
Publisher City	Washington
Language	ENGL

3

1990

Nabert, K.; Schön, G.

605 °C

UTI: 5510-024-001/20111005

UTI: 5510-024-001/20111005;

Line no	Lower explosion limit	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit	Upper explosion limit	Autoignition Temperature	Maximum explosion pressure
	at atmospheric pressure and room temperature according to german standard property of pure substance	according to german standard property of pure substance	at atmospheric pressure and room temperature according to german standard property of pure substance	according to german standard property of pure substance	according to german standard property of pure substance	experimental property of pure substance
1	127 g/m3 ± 10 % ⚠	11 Vol% ± 10 %	895 g/m3 ± 5 % ⚠	77 Vol% ± 5 %	605 °C [A] [1]	8.2 bar

[A] DIN 51794: Testing of mineral oil hydrocarbons - Determination of ignition temperature; measurements are technically identical to those of ISO/IEC 80079-20-1 but results are treated differently.

[1] Test method: DIN 51794 or comparable methods

⚠ The reference for the specification in g/m3 is the molar volume at 20 °C

Bibliographic data

Title	Sicherheitstechnische Kennzahlen brennbarer Gase und Dämpfe (with 6. Supplement)
Author	Nabert, K.; Schön, G.
Year	1990
Publisher	Deutscher Eichverlag;Braunschweig (Pub.)
Abstract English	Safety values of about 1000 flammable gases and vapors: Explosion limits, ignition temperatures, flash points, explosion pressures.
Abstract German	Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen von ca. 1000 Gasen und Dämpfen: Explosionsgrenzen, Zündtemperaturen, Flammpunkte, Explosionsdrücke.
Language	GERM

Explosion pressure ratio

1

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2006

Holtappels, K.

1 bar

20 °C

1  ... 6

UTI: 5579-000-001/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5579-000-001/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	17.4 Mol%	82.6 Mol%	1 [2]	0.6 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]
2	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	18 Mol%	82 Mol%	1.1 [2]	1.3 bar/s [3]	0.2 bar m/s [4]
3	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	1.8 [2]	2 bar/s [3]	0.4 bar m/s [4]
4	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	4.7 [2]	5.5 bar/s [3]	1 bar m/s [4]
5	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	5.5 [2]	10.1 bar/s [3]	1.8 bar m/s [4]
6	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	32 Mol%	68 Mol%	5.5 [2]	10.5 bar/s [3]	1.9 bar m/s [4]
7	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	6 [2]	26.9 bar/s [3]	4.9 bar m/s [4]
8	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	37 Mol%	63 Mol%	5.5 [2]	9.6 bar/s [3]	1.7 bar m/s [4]
9	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	5.3 [2]	10.2 bar/s [3]	1.9 bar m/s [4]
10	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	5.6 [2]	13.2 bar/s [3]	2.4 bar m/s [4]
11	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	4.3 [2]	4.5 bar/s [3]	0.8 bar m/s [4]
12	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	1.2 [2]	0.8 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]
13	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60.2 Mol%	39.8 Mol%	1 [2]	0.9 bar/s [3]	0.2 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Title	Report on the experimentally determined explosion limits, explosion pressures and rates of explosion pressure rise - Part 2: ethane, ethylene, propane, n-butane, ammonia and carbon monoxide Contractual deliverable No. 9
Author	Holtappels, K.
Year	2006
Abstract English	Project SAFEKINEX: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072, The EN 1839 fixes the experimental basic principles of explosion indices determination, limited to atmospheric pressures. Influence of P, T, vessel vol., ignition source and energy on explosion indices were reported for P up to 30 bar and T up to 250 deg. C.
Abstract German	SAFEKINEX-Projekt: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072. EN 1839 Norm beschreibt die exp. Methode für atmosphärische Bedingung. Es werden die Einflüsse von P, T und Gefäßgröße, Zündarten, Zündenergie für Drücke bis 30 bar und T bis 250 °C auf Explosionskenngrößen vorgestellt.
Document Number	EXP-180
Institution	Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Technical University Delft
Language	ENGL

2

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2006

Holtappels, K.

1 bar

200 °C

1  ... 4.5

UTI: 5579-000-002/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5579-000-002/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.6 Mol%	86.4 Mol%	1 [2]	0.3 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]
2	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.8 Mol%	86.2 Mol%	1.2 [2]	0.7 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]
3	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15 Mol%	85 Mol%	1.4 [2]	2.4 bar/s [3]	0.4 bar m/s [4]
4	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	3.1 [2]	10.8 bar/s [3]	2 bar m/s [4]
5	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	4 [2]	27.2 bar/s [3]	4.9 bar m/s [4]
6	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	4.1 [2]	27.8 bar/s [3]	5.1 bar m/s [4]
7	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	4.5 [2]	64.8 bar/s [3]	11.8 bar m/s [4]
8	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	4.4 [2]	51.5 bar/s [3]	9.4 bar m/s [4]
9	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	4.1 [2]	37 bar/s [3]	6.7 bar m/s [4]
10	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	3.8 [2]	24.6 bar/s [3]	4.5 bar m/s [4]
11	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	3.3 [2]	11.3 bar/s [3]	2.1 bar m/s [4]
12	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	67.6 Mol%	32.4 Mol%	2.7 [2]	14.4 bar/s [3]	2.6 bar m/s [4]
13	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	69.2 Mol%	30.8 Mol%	1.2 [2]	1.6 bar/s [3]	0.3 bar m/s [4]
14	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	69.4 Mol%	30.6 Mol%	1 [2]	0.4 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Title	Report on the experimentally determined explosion limits, explosion pressures and rates of explosion pressure rise - Part 2: ethane, ethylene, propane, n-butane, ammonia and carbon monoxide Contractual deliverable No. 9
Author	Holtappels, K.
Year	2006
Abstract English	Project SAFEKINEX: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072, The EN 1839 fixes the experimental basic principles of explosion indices determination, limited to atmospheric pressures. Influence of P, T, vessel vol., ignition source and energy on explosion indices were reported for P up to 30 bar and T up to 250 deg. C.
Abstract German	SAFEKINEX-Projekt: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072. EN 1839 Norm beschreibt die exp. Methode für atmosphärische Bedingung. Es werden die Einflüsse von P, T und Gefäßgröße, Zündarten, Zündenergie für Drücke bis 30 bar und T bis 250 °C auf Explosionskenngrößen vorgestellt.
Document Number	EXP-180
Institution	Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Technical University Delft
Language	ENGL

3

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2006

Holtappels, K.

5 bar

20 °C

1  ... 7.4

UTI: 5579-000-003/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5579-000-003/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16 Mol%	84 Mol%	1 [2]	2.8 bar/s [3]	0.5 bar m/s [4]
2	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	18 Mol%	82 Mol%	1.5 [2]	6.4 bar/s [3]	1.2 bar m/s [4]
3	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	7.3 [2]	304 bar/s [3]	55.2 bar m/s [4]
4	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	7.4 [2]	262 bar/s [3]	47.6 bar m/s [4]
5	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	7.2 [2]	256 bar/s [3]	46.5 bar m/s [4]
6	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	59 Mol%	41 Mol%	1.3 [2]	4.9 bar/s [3]	0.9 bar m/s [4]
7	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	1.1 [2]	2.9 bar/s [3]	0.5 bar m/s [4]
8	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60.4 Mol%	39.6 Mol%	1.2 [2]	3.8 bar/s [3]	0.7 bar m/s [4]
9	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60.6 Mol%	39.4 Mol%	1.1 [2]	3.2 bar/s [3]	0.6 bar m/s [4]
10	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60.8 Mol%	39.2 Mol%	1.1 [2]	3.2 bar/s [3]	0.6 bar m/s [4]
11	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	61 Mol%	39 Mol%	1.1 [2]	3.2 bar/s [3]	0 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Title	Report on the experimentally determined explosion limits, explosion pressures and rates of explosion pressure rise - Part 2: ethane, ethylene, propane, n-butane, ammonia and carbon monoxide Contractual deliverable No. 9
Author	Holtappels, K.
Year	2006
Abstract English	Project SAFEKINEX: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072, The EN 1839 fixes the experimental basic principles of explosion indices determination, limited to atmospheric pressures. Influence of P, T, vessel vol., ignition source and energy on explosion indices were reported for P up to 30 bar and T up to 250 deg. C.
Abstract German	SAFEKINEX-Projekt: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072. EN 1839 Norm beschreibt die exp. Methode für atmosphärische Bedingung. Es werden die Einflüsse von P, T und Gefäßgröße, Zündarten, Zündenergie für Drücke bis 30 bar und T bis 250 °C auf Explosionskenngrößen vorgestellt.
Document Number	EXP-180
Institution	Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Technical University Delft
Language	ENGL

4

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2006

Holtappels, K.

5 bar

200 °C

1  ... 4.8

UTI: 5579-000-004/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5579-000-004/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.6 Mol%	86.4 Mol%	1 [2]	1.3 bar/s [3]	0.2 bar m/s [4]
2	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15 Mol%	85 Mol%	1.6 [2]	7.9 bar/s [3]	1.4 bar m/s [4]
3	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	4.1 [2]	115 bar/s [3]	20.9 bar m/s [4]
4	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	4.4 [2]	144 bar/s [3]	26.2 bar m/s [4]
5	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	4.8 [2]	227 bar/s [3]	41.2 bar m/s [4]
6	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	4.7 [2]	196 bar/s [3]	35.6 bar m/s [4]
7	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	4.6 [2]	139 bar/s [3]	25.3 bar m/s [4]
8	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	4.4 [2]	206 bar/s [3]	37.4 bar m/s [4]
9	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	4.3 [2]	183 bar/s [3]	33.3 bar m/s [4]
10	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	55 Mol%	45 Mol%	3.7 [2]	57.2 bar/s [3]	10.4 bar m/s [4]
11	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	3.3 [2]	29.5 bar/s [3]	5.4 bar m/s [4]
12	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	67.2 Mol%	32.8 Mol%	1.9 [2]	5.3 bar/s [3]	1 bar m/s [4]
13	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	67.4 Mol%	32.6 Mol%	1 [2]	1.6 bar/s [3]	0.3 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Title	Report on the experimentally determined explosion limits, explosion pressures and rates of explosion pressure rise - Part 2: ethane, ethylene, propane, n-butane, ammonia and carbon monoxide Contractual deliverable No. 9
Author	Holtappels, K.
Year	2006
Abstract English	Project SAFEKINEX: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072, The EN 1839 fixes the experimental basic principles of explosion indices determination, limited to atmospheric pressures. Influence of P, T, vessel vol., ignition source and energy on explosion indices were reported for P up to 30 bar and T up to 250 deg. C.
Abstract German	SAFEKINEX-Projekt: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072. EN 1839 Norm beschreibt die exp. Methode für atmosphärische Bedingung. Es werden die Einflüsse von P, T und Gefäßgröße, Zündarten, Zündenergie für Drücke bis 30 bar und T bis 250 °C auf Explosionskenngrößen vorgestellt.
Document Number	EXP-180
Institution	Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Technical University Delft
Language	ENGL

5

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2006

Holtappels, K.

10 bar

20 °C

1  ... 8.5

UTI: 5579-000-005/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5579-000-005/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.2 Mol%	84.8 Mol%	1 [2]	3.7 bar/s [3]	0.7 bar m/s [4]
2	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.4 Mol%	84.6 Mol%	1.1 [2]	4.2 bar/s [3]	0.8 bar m/s [4]
3	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.6 Mol%	84.4 Mol%	1.2 [2]	9.7 bar/s [3]	1.8 bar m/s [4]
4	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16 Mol%	84 Mol%	1.3 [2]	11.5 bar/s [3]	2.1 bar m/s [4]
5	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	5.5 [2]	107 bar/s [3]	19.4 bar m/s [4]
6	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	7.8 [2]	1150 bar/s [3]	209 bar m/s [4]
7	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	7.5 [2]	1091 bar/s [3]	198.2 bar m/s [4]
8	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	8.5 [2]	1590 bar/s [3]	288.9 bar m/s [4]
9	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	8.5 [2]	2064 bar/s [3]	375.1 bar m/s [4]
10	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	8.4 [2]	1710 bar/s [3]	310.7 bar m/s [4]
11	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	6.4 [2]	304 bar/s [3]	55.2 bar m/s [4]
12	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	66 Mol%	34 Mol%	3.1 [2]	27.5 bar/s [3]	5 bar m/s [4]
13	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	67 Mol%	33 Mol%	1.9 [2]	17 bar/s [3]	3.1 bar m/s [4]
14	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	68 Mol%	32 Mol%	1.5 [2]	12 bar/s [3]	2.2 bar m/s [4]
15	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	68.4 Mol%	31.6 Mol%	1.3 [2]	9.2 bar/s [3]	1.7 bar m/s [4]
16	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	69 Mol%	31 Mol%	1.2 [2]	6.3 bar/s [3]	1.1 bar m/s [4]
17	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	69.2 Mol%	30.8 Mol%	1 [2]	4.9 bar/s [3]	0.9 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Title	Report on the experimentally determined explosion limits, explosion pressures and rates of explosion pressure rise - Part 2: ethane, ethylene, propane, n-butane, ammonia and carbon monoxide Contractual deliverable No. 9
Author	Holtappels, K.
Year	2006
Abstract English	Project SAFEKINEX: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072, The EN 1839 fixes the experimental basic principles of explosion indices determination, limited to atmospheric pressures. Influence of P, T, vessel vol., ignition source and energy on explosion indices were reported for P up to 30 bar and T up to 250 deg. C.
Abstract German	SAFEKINEX-Projekt: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072. EN 1839 Norm beschreibt die exp. Methode für atmosphärische Bedingung. Es werden die Einflüsse von P, T und Gefäßgröße, Zündarten, Zündenergie für Drücke bis 30 bar und T bis 250 °C auf Explosionskenngrößen vorgestellt.
Document Number	EXP-180
Institution	Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Technical University Delft
Language	ENGL

6

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2006

Holtappels, K.

10 bar

200 °C

1  ... 4.8

UTI: 5579-000-006/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5579-000-006/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.6 Mol%	86.4 Mol%	1 [2]	4.1 bar/s [3]	0.7 bar m/s [4]
2	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.8 Mol%	86.2 Mol%	1.1 [2]	0.5 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]
3	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15 Mol%	85 Mol%	1.1 [2]	10.4 bar/s [3]	1.9 bar m/s [4]
4	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	3.7 [2]	85.4 bar/s [3]	15.5 bar m/s [4]
5	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	4.4 [2]	148 bar/s [3]	26.9 bar m/s [4]
6	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	4.8 [2]	335 bar/s [3]	60.9 bar m/s [4]
7	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	4.8 [2]	356 bar/s [3]	64.7 bar m/s [4]
8	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	4.7 [2]	328 bar/s [3]	59.6 bar m/s [4]
9	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	4.5 [2]	365 bar/s [3]	66.3 bar m/s [4]
10	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	4.2 [2]	163 bar/s [3]	29.6 bar m/s [4]
11	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	3.2 [2]	26.4 bar/s [3]	4.8 bar m/s [4]
12	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	65 Mol%	35 Mol%	1.4 [2]	11.4 bar/s [3]	2.1 bar m/s [4]
13	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	65.8 Mol%	34.2 Mol%	1.1 [2]	6 bar/s [3]	1.1 bar m/s [4]
14	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	66 Mol%	34 Mol%	1.1 [2]	4.3 bar/s [3]	0.8 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Title	Report on the experimentally determined explosion limits, explosion pressures and rates of explosion pressure rise - Part 2: ethane, ethylene, propane, n-butane, ammonia and carbon monoxide Contractual deliverable No. 9
Author	Holtappels, K.
Year	2006
Abstract English	Project SAFEKINEX: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072, The EN 1839 fixes the experimental basic principles of explosion indices determination, limited to atmospheric pressures. Influence of P, T, vessel vol., ignition source and energy on explosion indices were reported for P up to 30 bar and T up to 250 deg. C.
Abstract German	SAFEKINEX-Projekt: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072. EN 1839 Norm beschreibt die exp. Methode für atmosphärische Bedingung. Es werden die Einflüsse von P, T und Gefäßgröße, Zündarten, Zündenergie für Drücke bis 30 bar und T bis 250 °C auf Explosionskenngrößen vorgestellt.
Document Number	EXP-180
Institution	Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Technical University Delft
Language	ENGL

7

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2006

Holtappels, K.

30 bar

20 °C

1  ... 8.6

UTI: 5579-000-007/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5579-000-007/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16.6 Mol%	83.4 Mol%	1 [2]	7.6 bar/s [3]	1.4 bar m/s [4]
2	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16.8 Mol%	83.2 Mol%	1.2 [2]	28.6 bar/s [3]	5.2 bar m/s [4]
3	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	17 Mol%	83 Mol%	1.2 [2]	29.1 bar/s [3]	5.3 bar m/s [4]
4	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	7.6 [2]	986 bar/s [3]	179.2 bar m/s [4]
5	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	8.6 [2]	15800 bar/s [3]	2871.1 bar m/s [4]
6	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	8.2 [2]	15020 bar/s [3]	2729.3 bar m/s [4]
7	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	8.5 [2]	19000 bar/s [3]	3452.5 bar m/s [4]
8	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	8 [2]	13300 bar/s [3]	2416.8 bar m/s [4]
9	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	7.8 [2]	7830 bar/s [3]	1422.8 bar m/s [4]
10	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	6.1 [2]	525 bar/s [3]	95.4 bar m/s [4]
11	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	64 Mol%	36 Mol%	2.7 [2]	114 bar/s [3]	20.7 bar m/s [4]
12	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	66 Mol%	34 Mol%	1.6 [2]	60.8 bar/s [3]	11 bar m/s [4]
13	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	67 Mol%	33 Mol%	1.3 [2]	37.7 bar/s [3]	6.9 bar m/s [4]
14	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	68 Mol%	32 Mol%	1.2 [2]	28.4 bar/s [3]	5.2 bar m/s [4]
15	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	68.2 Mol%	31.8 Mol%	1 [2]	7.6 bar/s [3]	1.4 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Title	Report on the experimentally determined explosion limits, explosion pressures and rates of explosion pressure rise - Part 2: ethane, ethylene, propane, n-butane, ammonia and carbon monoxide Contractual deliverable No. 9
Author	Holtappels, K.
Year	2006
Abstract English	Project SAFEKINEX: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072, The EN 1839 fixes the experimental basic principles of explosion indices determination, limited to atmospheric pressures. Influence of P, T, vessel vol., ignition source and energy on explosion indices were reported for P up to 30 bar and T up to 250 deg. C.
Abstract German	SAFEKINEX-Projekt: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072. EN 1839 Norm beschreibt die exp. Methode für atmosphärische Bedingung. Es werden die Einflüsse von P, T und Gefäßgröße, Zündarten, Zündenergie für Drücke bis 30 bar und T bis 250 °C auf Explosionskenngrößen vorgestellt.
Document Number	EXP-180
Institution	Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Technical University Delft
Language	ENGL

8

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2006

Holtappels, K.

30 bar

200 °C

1  ... 5.4

UTI: 5579-000-008/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5579-000-008/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.2 Mol%	84.8 Mol%	1 [2]	7.7 bar/s [3]	1.4 bar m/s [4]
2	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.4 Mol%	84.6 Mol%	1.1 [2]	105 bar/s [3]	19.1 bar m/s [4]
3	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.6 Mol%	84.4 Mol%	1.1 [2]	12.4 bar/s [3]	2.3 bar m/s [4]
4	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16 Mol%	84 Mol%	1.1 [2]	14.7 bar/s [3]	2.7 bar m/s [4]
5	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	4.4 [2]	738 bar/s [3]	134.1 bar m/s [4]
6	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	5 [2]	1620 bar/s [3]	294.4 bar m/s [4]
7	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	5.3 [2]	3840 bar/s [3]	697.8 bar m/s [4]
8	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	5.4 [2]	3050 bar/s [3]	554.2 bar m/s [4]
9	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	5.4 [2]	2930 bar/s [3]	532.4 bar m/s [4]
10	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	4.9 [2]	2700 bar/s [3]	490.6 bar m/s [4]
11	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	4.7 [2]	2470 bar/s [3]	448.8 bar m/s [4]
12	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	4.1 [2]	744 bar/s [3]	135.2 bar m/s [4]
13	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	66 Mol%	34 Mol%	2.1 [2]	123.9 bar/s [3]	22.5 bar m/s [4]
14	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	70 Mol%	30 Mol%	1.2 [2]	20.9 bar/s [3]	3.8 bar m/s [4]
15	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	72 Mol%	28 Mol%	1.1 [2]	16.8 bar/s [3]	3.1 bar m/s [4]
16	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	72.2 Mol%	27.8 Mol%	1.1 [2]	8.3 bar/s [3]	1.5 bar m/s [4]
17	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	72.4 Mol%	27.6 Mol%	1 [2]	6.8 bar/s [3]	1.2 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Title	Report on the experimentally determined explosion limits, explosion pressures and rates of explosion pressure rise - Part 2: ethane, ethylene, propane, n-butane, ammonia and carbon monoxide Contractual deliverable No. 9
Author	Holtappels, K.
Year	2006
Abstract English	Project SAFEKINEX: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072, The EN 1839 fixes the experimental basic principles of explosion indices determination, limited to atmospheric pressures. Influence of P, T, vessel vol., ignition source and energy on explosion indices were reported for P up to 30 bar and T up to 250 deg. C.
Abstract German	SAFEKINEX-Projekt: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072. EN 1839 Norm beschreibt die exp. Methode für atmosphärische Bedingung. Es werden die Einflüsse von P, T und Gefäßgröße, Zündarten, Zündenergie für Drücke bis 30 bar und T bis 250 °C auf Explosionskenngrößen vorgestellt.
Document Number	EXP-180
Institution	Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Technical University Delft
Language	ENGL

9

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2016

BAM

1 bar

20 °C

1  ... 6

UTI: 5013-008-001/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5013-008-001/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	17.4 Mol%	82.6 Mol%	1 [2]	0.6 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]
2	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	18 Mol%	82 Mol%	1.1 [2]	1.3 bar/s [3]	0.2 bar m/s [4]
3	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	1.8 [2]	2 bar/s [3]	0.4 bar m/s [4]
4	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	4.7 [2]	5.5 bar/s [3]	1 bar m/s [4]
5	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	5.5 [2]	10.1 bar/s [3]	1.8 bar m/s [4]
6	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	32 Mol%	68 Mol%	5.5 [2]	10.5 bar/s [3]	1.9 bar m/s [4]
7	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	6 [2]	26.9 bar/s [3]	4.9 bar m/s [4]
8	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	37 Mol%	63 Mol%	5.5 [2]	9.6 bar/s [3]	1.7 bar m/s [4]
9	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	5.3 [2]	10.2 bar/s [3]	1.9 bar m/s [4]
10	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	5.6 [2]	13.2 bar/s [3]	2.4 bar m/s [4]
11	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	4.3 [2]	4.5 bar/s [3]	0.8 bar m/s [4]
12	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	1.2 [2]	0.8 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]
13	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60.2 Mol%	39.8 Mol%	1 [2]	0.9 bar/s [3]	0.2 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

10

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2016

BAM

1 bar

200 °C

1  ... 4.5

UTI: 5013-008-002/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5013-008-002/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.6 Mol%	86.4 Mol%	1 [2]	0.3 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]
2	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.8 Mol%	86.2 Mol%	1.2 [2]	0.7 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]
3	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15 Mol%	85 Mol%	1.4 [2]	2.4 bar/s [3]	0.4 bar m/s [4]
4	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	3.1 [2]	10.8 bar/s [3]	2 bar m/s [4]
5	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	4 [2]	27.2 bar/s [3]	4.9 bar m/s [4]
6	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	4.1 [2]	27.8 bar/s [3]	5.1 bar m/s [4]
7	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	4.5 [2]	64.8 bar/s [3]	11.8 bar m/s [4]
8	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	4.4 [2]	51.5 bar/s [3]	9.4 bar m/s [4]
9	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	4.1 [2]	37 bar/s [3]	6.7 bar m/s [4]
10	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	3.8 [2]	24.6 bar/s [3]	4.5 bar m/s [4]
11	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	3.3 [2]	11.3 bar/s [3]	2.1 bar m/s [4]
12	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	67.6 Mol%	32.4 Mol%	2.7 [2]	14.4 bar/s [3]	2.6 bar m/s [4]
13	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	69.2 Mol%	30.8 Mol%	1.2 [2]	1.6 bar/s [3]	0.3 bar m/s [4]
14	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	69.4 Mol%	30.6 Mol%	1 [2]	0.4 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

11

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2016

BAM

5 bar

20 °C

1  ... 7.4

UTI: 5013-008-003/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5013-008-003/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16 Mol%	84 Mol%	1 [2]	2.8 bar/s [3]	0.5 bar m/s [4]
2	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	18 Mol%	82 Mol%	1.5 [2]	6.4 bar/s [3]	1.2 bar m/s [4]
3	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	7.3 [2]	304 bar/s [3]	55.2 bar m/s [4]
4	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	7.4 [2]	262 bar/s [3]	47.6 bar m/s [4]
5	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	7.2 [2]	256 bar/s [3]	46.5 bar m/s [4]
6	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	59 Mol%	41 Mol%	1.3 [2]	4.9 bar/s [3]	0.9 bar m/s [4]
7	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	1.1 [2]	2.9 bar/s [3]	0.5 bar m/s [4]
8	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60.4 Mol%	39.6 Mol%	1.2 [2]	3.8 bar/s [3]	0.7 bar m/s [4]
9	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60.6 Mol%	39.4 Mol%	1.1 [2]	3.2 bar/s [3]	0.6 bar m/s [4]
10	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60.8 Mol%	39.2 Mol%	1.1 [2]	3.2 bar/s [3]	0.6 bar m/s [4]
11	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	61 Mol%	39 Mol%	1.1 [2]	3.2 bar/s [3]	0 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

12

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2016

BAM

5 bar

200 °C

1  ... 4.8

UTI: 5013-008-004/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5013-008-004/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.6 Mol%	86.4 Mol%	1 [2]	1.3 bar/s [3]	0.2 bar m/s [4]
2	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15 Mol%	85 Mol%	1.6 [2]	7.9 bar/s [3]	1.4 bar m/s [4]
3	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	4.1 [2]	115 bar/s [3]	20.9 bar m/s [4]
4	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	4.4 [2]	144 bar/s [3]	26.2 bar m/s [4]
5	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	4.8 [2]	227 bar/s [3]	41.2 bar m/s [4]
6	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	4.7 [2]	196 bar/s [3]	35.6 bar m/s [4]
7	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	4.6 [2]	139 bar/s [3]	25.3 bar m/s [4]
8	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	4.4 [2]	206 bar/s [3]	37.4 bar m/s [4]
9	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	4.3 [2]	183 bar/s [3]	33.3 bar m/s [4]
10	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	55 Mol%	45 Mol%	3.7 [2]	57.2 bar/s [3]	10.4 bar m/s [4]
11	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	3.3 [2]	29.5 bar/s [3]	5.4 bar m/s [4]
12	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	67.2 Mol%	32.8 Mol%	1.9 [2]	5.3 bar/s [3]	1 bar m/s [4]
13	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	67.4 Mol%	32.6 Mol%	1 [2]	1.6 bar/s [3]	0.3 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

13

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2016

BAM

10 bar

20 °C

1  ... 8.5

UTI: 5013-008-005/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5013-008-005/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.2 Mol%	84.8 Mol%	1 [2]	3.7 bar/s [3]	0.7 bar m/s [4]
2	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.4 Mol%	84.6 Mol%	1.1 [2]	4.2 bar/s [3]	0.8 bar m/s [4]
3	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.6 Mol%	84.4 Mol%	1.2 [2]	9.7 bar/s [3]	1.8 bar m/s [4]
4	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16 Mol%	84 Mol%	1.3 [2]	11.5 bar/s [3]	2.1 bar m/s [4]
5	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	5.5 [2]	107 bar/s [3]	19.4 bar m/s [4]
6	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	7.8 [2]	1150 bar/s [3]	209 bar m/s [4]
7	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	7.5 [2]	1091 bar/s [3]	198.2 bar m/s [4]
8	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	8.5 [2]	1590 bar/s [3]	288.9 bar m/s [4]
9	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	8.5 [2]	2064 bar/s [3]	375.1 bar m/s [4]
10	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	8.4 [2]	1710 bar/s [3]	310.7 bar m/s [4]
11	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	6.4 [2]	304 bar/s [3]	55.2 bar m/s [4]
12	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	66 Mol%	34 Mol%	3.1 [2]	27.5 bar/s [3]	5 bar m/s [4]
13	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	67 Mol%	33 Mol%	1.9 [2]	17 bar/s [3]	3.1 bar m/s [4]
14	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	68 Mol%	32 Mol%	1.5 [2]	12 bar/s [3]	2.2 bar m/s [4]
15	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	68.4 Mol%	31.6 Mol%	1.3 [2]	9.2 bar/s [3]	1.7 bar m/s [4]
16	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	69 Mol%	31 Mol%	1.2 [2]	6.3 bar/s [3]	1.1 bar m/s [4]
17	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	69.2 Mol%	30.8 Mol%	1 [2]	4.9 bar/s [3]	0.9 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

14

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2016

BAM

10 bar

200 °C

1  ... 4.8

UTI: 5013-008-006/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5013-008-006/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.6 Mol%	86.4 Mol%	1 [2]	4.1 bar/s [3]	0.7 bar m/s [4]
2	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.8 Mol%	86.2 Mol%	1.1 [2]	0.5 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]
3	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15 Mol%	85 Mol%	1.1 [2]	10.4 bar/s [3]	1.9 bar m/s [4]
4	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	3.7 [2]	85.4 bar/s [3]	15.5 bar m/s [4]
5	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	4.4 [2]	148 bar/s [3]	26.9 bar m/s [4]
6	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	4.8 [2]	335 bar/s [3]	60.9 bar m/s [4]
7	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	4.8 [2]	356 bar/s [3]	64.7 bar m/s [4]
8	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	4.7 [2]	328 bar/s [3]	59.6 bar m/s [4]
9	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	4.5 [2]	365 bar/s [3]	66.3 bar m/s [4]
10	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	4.2 [2]	163 bar/s [3]	29.6 bar m/s [4]
11	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	3.2 [2]	26.4 bar/s [3]	4.8 bar m/s [4]
12	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	65 Mol%	35 Mol%	1.4 [2]	11.4 bar/s [3]	2.1 bar m/s [4]
13	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	65.8 Mol%	34.2 Mol%	1.1 [2]	6 bar/s [3]	1.1 bar m/s [4]
14	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	66 Mol%	34 Mol%	1.1 [2]	4.3 bar/s [3]	0.8 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

15

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2016

BAM

30 bar

20 °C

1  ... 8.6

UTI: 5013-008-007/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5013-008-007/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16.6 Mol%	83.4 Mol%	1 [2]	7.6 bar/s [3]	1.4 bar m/s [4]
2	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16.8 Mol%	83.2 Mol%	1.2 [2]	28.6 bar/s [3]	5.2 bar m/s [4]
3	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	17 Mol%	83 Mol%	1.2 [2]	29.1 bar/s [3]	5.3 bar m/s [4]
4	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	7.6 [2]	986 bar/s [3]	179.2 bar m/s [4]
5	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	8.6 [2]	15800 bar/s [3]	2871.1 bar m/s [4]
6	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	8.2 [2]	15020 bar/s [3]	2729.3 bar m/s [4]
7	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	8.5 [2]	19000 bar/s [3]	3452.5 bar m/s [4]
8	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	8 [2]	13300 bar/s [3]	2416.8 bar m/s [4]
9	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	7.8 [2]	7830 bar/s [3]	1422.8 bar m/s [4]
10	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	6.1 [2]	525 bar/s [3]	95.4 bar m/s [4]
11	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	64 Mol%	36 Mol%	2.7 [2]	114 bar/s [3]	20.7 bar m/s [4]
12	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	66 Mol%	34 Mol%	1.6 [2]	60.8 bar/s [3]	11 bar m/s [4]
13	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	67 Mol%	33 Mol%	1.3 [2]	37.7 bar/s [3]	6.9 bar m/s [4]
14	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	68 Mol%	32 Mol%	1.2 [2]	28.4 bar/s [3]	5.2 bar m/s [4]
15	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	68.2 Mol%	31.8 Mol%	1 [2]	7.6 bar/s [3]	1.4 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

16

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2016

BAM

30 bar

200 °C

1  ... 5.4

UTI: 5013-008-008/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5013-008-008/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.2 Mol%	84.8 Mol%	1 [2]	7.7 bar/s [3]	1.4 bar m/s [4]
2	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.4 Mol%	84.6 Mol%	1.1 [2]	105 bar/s [3]	19.1 bar m/s [4]
3	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.6 Mol%	84.4 Mol%	1.1 [2]	12.4 bar/s [3]	2.3 bar m/s [4]
4	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16 Mol%	84 Mol%	1.1 [2]	14.7 bar/s [3]	2.7 bar m/s [4]
5	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	4.4 [2]	738 bar/s [3]	134.1 bar m/s [4]
6	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	5 [2]	1620 bar/s [3]	294.4 bar m/s [4]
7	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	5.3 [2]	3840 bar/s [3]	697.8 bar m/s [4]
8	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	5.4 [2]	3050 bar/s [3]	554.2 bar m/s [4]
9	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	5.4 [2]	2930 bar/s [3]	532.4 bar m/s [4]
10	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	4.9 [2]	2700 bar/s [3]	490.6 bar m/s [4]
11	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	4.7 [2]	2470 bar/s [3]	448.8 bar m/s [4]
12	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	4.1 [2]	744 bar/s [3]	135.2 bar m/s [4]
13	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	66 Mol%	34 Mol%	2.1 [2]	123.9 bar/s [3]	22.5 bar m/s [4]
14	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	70 Mol%	30 Mol%	1.2 [2]	20.9 bar/s [3]	3.8 bar m/s [4]
15	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	72 Mol%	28 Mol%	1.1 [2]	16.8 bar/s [3]	3.1 bar m/s [4]
16	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	72.2 Mol%	27.8 Mol%	1.1 [2]	8.3 bar/s [3]	1.5 bar m/s [4]
17	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	72.4 Mol%	27.6 Mol%	1 [2]	6.8 bar/s [3]	1.2 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

Rate of pressure rise

KGex value at a defined concentration

1

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2006

Holtappels, K.

1 bar

20 °C

0.1 bar m/s ... 4.9 bar m/s

UTI: 5579-000-001/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5579-000-001/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	17.4 Mol%	82.6 Mol%	1 [2]	0.6 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]
2	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	18 Mol%	82 Mol%	1.1 [2]	1.3 bar/s [3]	0.2 bar m/s [4]
3	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	1.8 [2]	2 bar/s [3]	0.4 bar m/s [4]
4	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	4.7 [2]	5.5 bar/s [3]	1 bar m/s [4]
5	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	5.5 [2]	10.1 bar/s [3]	1.8 bar m/s [4]
6	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	32 Mol%	68 Mol%	5.5 [2]	10.5 bar/s [3]	1.9 bar m/s [4]
7	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	6 [2]	26.9 bar/s [3]	4.9 bar m/s [4]
8	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	37 Mol%	63 Mol%	5.5 [2]	9.6 bar/s [3]	1.7 bar m/s [4]
9	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	5.3 [2]	10.2 bar/s [3]	1.9 bar m/s [4]
10	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	5.6 [2]	13.2 bar/s [3]	2.4 bar m/s [4]
11	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	4.3 [2]	4.5 bar/s [3]	0.8 bar m/s [4]
12	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	1.2 [2]	0.8 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]
13	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60.2 Mol%	39.8 Mol%	1 [2]	0.9 bar/s [3]	0.2 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Title	Report on the experimentally determined explosion limits, explosion pressures and rates of explosion pressure rise - Part 2: ethane, ethylene, propane, n-butane, ammonia and carbon monoxide Contractual deliverable No. 9
Author	Holtappels, K.
Year	2006
Abstract English	Project SAFEKINEX: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072, The EN 1839 fixes the experimental basic principles of explosion indices determination, limited to atmospheric pressures. Influence of P, T, vessel vol., ignition source and energy on explosion indices were reported for P up to 30 bar and T up to 250 deg. C.
Abstract German	SAFEKINEX-Projekt: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072. EN 1839 Norm beschreibt die exp. Methode für atmosphärische Bedingung. Es werden die Einflüsse von P, T und Gefäßgröße, Zündarten, Zündenergie für Drücke bis 30 bar und T bis 250 °C auf Explosionskenngrößen vorgestellt.
Document Number	EXP-180
Institution	Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Technical University Delft
Language	ENGL

2

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2006

Holtappels, K.

1 bar

200 °C

0.1 bar m/s ... 11.8 bar m/s

UTI: 5579-000-002/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5579-000-002/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.6 Mol%	86.4 Mol%	1 [2]	0.3 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]
2	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.8 Mol%	86.2 Mol%	1.2 [2]	0.7 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]
3	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15 Mol%	85 Mol%	1.4 [2]	2.4 bar/s [3]	0.4 bar m/s [4]
4	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	3.1 [2]	10.8 bar/s [3]	2 bar m/s [4]
5	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	4 [2]	27.2 bar/s [3]	4.9 bar m/s [4]
6	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	4.1 [2]	27.8 bar/s [3]	5.1 bar m/s [4]
7	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	4.5 [2]	64.8 bar/s [3]	11.8 bar m/s [4]
8	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	4.4 [2]	51.5 bar/s [3]	9.4 bar m/s [4]
9	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	4.1 [2]	37 bar/s [3]	6.7 bar m/s [4]
10	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	3.8 [2]	24.6 bar/s [3]	4.5 bar m/s [4]
11	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	3.3 [2]	11.3 bar/s [3]	2.1 bar m/s [4]
12	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	67.6 Mol%	32.4 Mol%	2.7 [2]	14.4 bar/s [3]	2.6 bar m/s [4]
13	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	69.2 Mol%	30.8 Mol%	1.2 [2]	1.6 bar/s [3]	0.3 bar m/s [4]
14	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	69.4 Mol%	30.6 Mol%	1 [2]	0.4 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Title	Report on the experimentally determined explosion limits, explosion pressures and rates of explosion pressure rise - Part 2: ethane, ethylene, propane, n-butane, ammonia and carbon monoxide Contractual deliverable No. 9
Author	Holtappels, K.
Year	2006
Abstract English	Project SAFEKINEX: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072, The EN 1839 fixes the experimental basic principles of explosion indices determination, limited to atmospheric pressures. Influence of P, T, vessel vol., ignition source and energy on explosion indices were reported for P up to 30 bar and T up to 250 deg. C.
Abstract German	SAFEKINEX-Projekt: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072. EN 1839 Norm beschreibt die exp. Methode für atmosphärische Bedingung. Es werden die Einflüsse von P, T und Gefäßgröße, Zündarten, Zündenergie für Drücke bis 30 bar und T bis 250 °C auf Explosionskenngrößen vorgestellt.
Document Number	EXP-180
Institution	Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Technical University Delft
Language	ENGL

3

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2006

Holtappels, K.

5 bar

20 °C

0 bar m/s ... 55.2 bar m/s

UTI: 5579-000-003/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5579-000-003/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16 Mol%	84 Mol%	1 [2]	2.8 bar/s [3]	0.5 bar m/s [4]
2	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	18 Mol%	82 Mol%	1.5 [2]	6.4 bar/s [3]	1.2 bar m/s [4]
3	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	7.3 [2]	304 bar/s [3]	55.2 bar m/s [4]
4	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	7.4 [2]	262 bar/s [3]	47.6 bar m/s [4]
5	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	7.2 [2]	256 bar/s [3]	46.5 bar m/s [4]
6	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	59 Mol%	41 Mol%	1.3 [2]	4.9 bar/s [3]	0.9 bar m/s [4]
7	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	1.1 [2]	2.9 bar/s [3]	0.5 bar m/s [4]
8	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60.4 Mol%	39.6 Mol%	1.2 [2]	3.8 bar/s [3]	0.7 bar m/s [4]
9	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60.6 Mol%	39.4 Mol%	1.1 [2]	3.2 bar/s [3]	0.6 bar m/s [4]
10	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60.8 Mol%	39.2 Mol%	1.1 [2]	3.2 bar/s [3]	0.6 bar m/s [4]
11	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	61 Mol%	39 Mol%	1.1 [2]	3.2 bar/s [3]	0 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Title	Report on the experimentally determined explosion limits, explosion pressures and rates of explosion pressure rise - Part 2: ethane, ethylene, propane, n-butane, ammonia and carbon monoxide Contractual deliverable No. 9
Author	Holtappels, K.
Year	2006
Abstract English	Project SAFEKINEX: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072, The EN 1839 fixes the experimental basic principles of explosion indices determination, limited to atmospheric pressures. Influence of P, T, vessel vol., ignition source and energy on explosion indices were reported for P up to 30 bar and T up to 250 deg. C.
Abstract German	SAFEKINEX-Projekt: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072. EN 1839 Norm beschreibt die exp. Methode für atmosphärische Bedingung. Es werden die Einflüsse von P, T und Gefäßgröße, Zündarten, Zündenergie für Drücke bis 30 bar und T bis 250 °C auf Explosionskenngrößen vorgestellt.
Document Number	EXP-180
Institution	Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Technical University Delft
Language	ENGL

4

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2006

Holtappels, K.

5 bar

200 °C

0.2 bar m/s ... 41.2 bar m/s

UTI: 5579-000-004/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5579-000-004/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.6 Mol%	86.4 Mol%	1 [2]	1.3 bar/s [3]	0.2 bar m/s [4]
2	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15 Mol%	85 Mol%	1.6 [2]	7.9 bar/s [3]	1.4 bar m/s [4]
3	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	4.1 [2]	115 bar/s [3]	20.9 bar m/s [4]
4	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	4.4 [2]	144 bar/s [3]	26.2 bar m/s [4]
5	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	4.8 [2]	227 bar/s [3]	41.2 bar m/s [4]
6	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	4.7 [2]	196 bar/s [3]	35.6 bar m/s [4]
7	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	4.6 [2]	139 bar/s [3]	25.3 bar m/s [4]
8	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	4.4 [2]	206 bar/s [3]	37.4 bar m/s [4]
9	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	4.3 [2]	183 bar/s [3]	33.3 bar m/s [4]
10	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	55 Mol%	45 Mol%	3.7 [2]	57.2 bar/s [3]	10.4 bar m/s [4]
11	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	3.3 [2]	29.5 bar/s [3]	5.4 bar m/s [4]
12	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	67.2 Mol%	32.8 Mol%	1.9 [2]	5.3 bar/s [3]	1 bar m/s [4]
13	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	67.4 Mol%	32.6 Mol%	1 [2]	1.6 bar/s [3]	0.3 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Title	Report on the experimentally determined explosion limits, explosion pressures and rates of explosion pressure rise - Part 2: ethane, ethylene, propane, n-butane, ammonia and carbon monoxide Contractual deliverable No. 9
Author	Holtappels, K.
Year	2006
Abstract English	Project SAFEKINEX: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072, The EN 1839 fixes the experimental basic principles of explosion indices determination, limited to atmospheric pressures. Influence of P, T, vessel vol., ignition source and energy on explosion indices were reported for P up to 30 bar and T up to 250 deg. C.
Abstract German	SAFEKINEX-Projekt: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072. EN 1839 Norm beschreibt die exp. Methode für atmosphärische Bedingung. Es werden die Einflüsse von P, T und Gefäßgröße, Zündarten, Zündenergie für Drücke bis 30 bar und T bis 250 °C auf Explosionskenngrößen vorgestellt.
Document Number	EXP-180
Institution	Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Technical University Delft
Language	ENGL

5

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2006

Holtappels, K.

10 bar

20 °C

0.7 bar m/s ... 375.1 bar m/s

UTI: 5579-000-005/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5579-000-005/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.2 Mol%	84.8 Mol%	1 [2]	3.7 bar/s [3]	0.7 bar m/s [4]
2	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.4 Mol%	84.6 Mol%	1.1 [2]	4.2 bar/s [3]	0.8 bar m/s [4]
3	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.6 Mol%	84.4 Mol%	1.2 [2]	9.7 bar/s [3]	1.8 bar m/s [4]
4	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16 Mol%	84 Mol%	1.3 [2]	11.5 bar/s [3]	2.1 bar m/s [4]
5	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	5.5 [2]	107 bar/s [3]	19.4 bar m/s [4]
6	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	7.8 [2]	1150 bar/s [3]	209 bar m/s [4]
7	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	7.5 [2]	1091 bar/s [3]	198.2 bar m/s [4]
8	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	8.5 [2]	1590 bar/s [3]	288.9 bar m/s [4]
9	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	8.5 [2]	2064 bar/s [3]	375.1 bar m/s [4]
10	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	8.4 [2]	1710 bar/s [3]	310.7 bar m/s [4]
11	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	6.4 [2]	304 bar/s [3]	55.2 bar m/s [4]
12	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	66 Mol%	34 Mol%	3.1 [2]	27.5 bar/s [3]	5 bar m/s [4]
13	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	67 Mol%	33 Mol%	1.9 [2]	17 bar/s [3]	3.1 bar m/s [4]
14	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	68 Mol%	32 Mol%	1.5 [2]	12 bar/s [3]	2.2 bar m/s [4]
15	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	68.4 Mol%	31.6 Mol%	1.3 [2]	9.2 bar/s [3]	1.7 bar m/s [4]
16	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	69 Mol%	31 Mol%	1.2 [2]	6.3 bar/s [3]	1.1 bar m/s [4]
17	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	69.2 Mol%	30.8 Mol%	1 [2]	4.9 bar/s [3]	0.9 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Title	Report on the experimentally determined explosion limits, explosion pressures and rates of explosion pressure rise - Part 2: ethane, ethylene, propane, n-butane, ammonia and carbon monoxide Contractual deliverable No. 9
Author	Holtappels, K.
Year	2006
Abstract English	Project SAFEKINEX: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072, The EN 1839 fixes the experimental basic principles of explosion indices determination, limited to atmospheric pressures. Influence of P, T, vessel vol., ignition source and energy on explosion indices were reported for P up to 30 bar and T up to 250 deg. C.
Abstract German	SAFEKINEX-Projekt: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072. EN 1839 Norm beschreibt die exp. Methode für atmosphärische Bedingung. Es werden die Einflüsse von P, T und Gefäßgröße, Zündarten, Zündenergie für Drücke bis 30 bar und T bis 250 °C auf Explosionskenngrößen vorgestellt.
Document Number	EXP-180
Institution	Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Technical University Delft
Language	ENGL

6

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2006

Holtappels, K.

10 bar

200 °C

0.1 bar m/s ... 66.3 bar m/s

UTI: 5579-000-006/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5579-000-006/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.6 Mol%	86.4 Mol%	1 [2]	4.1 bar/s [3]	0.7 bar m/s [4]
2	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.8 Mol%	86.2 Mol%	1.1 [2]	0.5 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]
3	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15 Mol%	85 Mol%	1.1 [2]	10.4 bar/s [3]	1.9 bar m/s [4]
4	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	3.7 [2]	85.4 bar/s [3]	15.5 bar m/s [4]
5	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	4.4 [2]	148 bar/s [3]	26.9 bar m/s [4]
6	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	4.8 [2]	335 bar/s [3]	60.9 bar m/s [4]
7	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	4.8 [2]	356 bar/s [3]	64.7 bar m/s [4]
8	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	4.7 [2]	328 bar/s [3]	59.6 bar m/s [4]
9	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	4.5 [2]	365 bar/s [3]	66.3 bar m/s [4]
10	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	4.2 [2]	163 bar/s [3]	29.6 bar m/s [4]
11	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	3.2 [2]	26.4 bar/s [3]	4.8 bar m/s [4]
12	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	65 Mol%	35 Mol%	1.4 [2]	11.4 bar/s [3]	2.1 bar m/s [4]
13	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	65.8 Mol%	34.2 Mol%	1.1 [2]	6 bar/s [3]	1.1 bar m/s [4]
14	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	66 Mol%	34 Mol%	1.1 [2]	4.3 bar/s [3]	0.8 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Title	Report on the experimentally determined explosion limits, explosion pressures and rates of explosion pressure rise - Part 2: ethane, ethylene, propane, n-butane, ammonia and carbon monoxide Contractual deliverable No. 9
Author	Holtappels, K.
Year	2006
Abstract English	Project SAFEKINEX: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072, The EN 1839 fixes the experimental basic principles of explosion indices determination, limited to atmospheric pressures. Influence of P, T, vessel vol., ignition source and energy on explosion indices were reported for P up to 30 bar and T up to 250 deg. C.
Abstract German	SAFEKINEX-Projekt: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072. EN 1839 Norm beschreibt die exp. Methode für atmosphärische Bedingung. Es werden die Einflüsse von P, T und Gefäßgröße, Zündarten, Zündenergie für Drücke bis 30 bar und T bis 250 °C auf Explosionskenngrößen vorgestellt.
Document Number	EXP-180
Institution	Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Technical University Delft
Language	ENGL

7

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2006

Holtappels, K.

30 bar

20 °C

1.4 bar m/s ... 3452.5 bar m/s

UTI: 5579-000-007/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5579-000-007/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16.6 Mol%	83.4 Mol%	1 [2]	7.6 bar/s [3]	1.4 bar m/s [4]
2	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16.8 Mol%	83.2 Mol%	1.2 [2]	28.6 bar/s [3]	5.2 bar m/s [4]
3	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	17 Mol%	83 Mol%	1.2 [2]	29.1 bar/s [3]	5.3 bar m/s [4]
4	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	7.6 [2]	986 bar/s [3]	179.2 bar m/s [4]
5	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	8.6 [2]	15800 bar/s [3]	2871.1 bar m/s [4]
6	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	8.2 [2]	15020 bar/s [3]	2729.3 bar m/s [4]
7	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	8.5 [2]	19000 bar/s [3]	3452.5 bar m/s [4]
8	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	8 [2]	13300 bar/s [3]	2416.8 bar m/s [4]
9	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	7.8 [2]	7830 bar/s [3]	1422.8 bar m/s [4]
10	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	6.1 [2]	525 bar/s [3]	95.4 bar m/s [4]
11	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	64 Mol%	36 Mol%	2.7 [2]	114 bar/s [3]	20.7 bar m/s [4]
12	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	66 Mol%	34 Mol%	1.6 [2]	60.8 bar/s [3]	11 bar m/s [4]
13	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	67 Mol%	33 Mol%	1.3 [2]	37.7 bar/s [3]	6.9 bar m/s [4]
14	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	68 Mol%	32 Mol%	1.2 [2]	28.4 bar/s [3]	5.2 bar m/s [4]
15	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	68.2 Mol%	31.8 Mol%	1 [2]	7.6 bar/s [3]	1.4 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Title	Report on the experimentally determined explosion limits, explosion pressures and rates of explosion pressure rise - Part 2: ethane, ethylene, propane, n-butane, ammonia and carbon monoxide Contractual deliverable No. 9
Author	Holtappels, K.
Year	2006
Abstract English	Project SAFEKINEX: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072, The EN 1839 fixes the experimental basic principles of explosion indices determination, limited to atmospheric pressures. Influence of P, T, vessel vol., ignition source and energy on explosion indices were reported for P up to 30 bar and T up to 250 deg. C.
Abstract German	SAFEKINEX-Projekt: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072. EN 1839 Norm beschreibt die exp. Methode für atmosphärische Bedingung. Es werden die Einflüsse von P, T und Gefäßgröße, Zündarten, Zündenergie für Drücke bis 30 bar und T bis 250 °C auf Explosionskenngrößen vorgestellt.
Document Number	EXP-180
Institution	Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Technical University Delft
Language	ENGL

8

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2006

Holtappels, K.

30 bar

200 °C

1.2 bar m/s ... 697.8 bar m/s

UTI: 5579-000-008/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5579-000-008/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.2 Mol%	84.8 Mol%	1 [2]	7.7 bar/s [3]	1.4 bar m/s [4]
2	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.4 Mol%	84.6 Mol%	1.1 [2]	105 bar/s [3]	19.1 bar m/s [4]
3	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.6 Mol%	84.4 Mol%	1.1 [2]	12.4 bar/s [3]	2.3 bar m/s [4]
4	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16 Mol%	84 Mol%	1.1 [2]	14.7 bar/s [3]	2.7 bar m/s [4]
5	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	4.4 [2]	738 bar/s [3]	134.1 bar m/s [4]
6	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	5 [2]	1620 bar/s [3]	294.4 bar m/s [4]
7	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	5.3 [2]	3840 bar/s [3]	697.8 bar m/s [4]
8	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	5.4 [2]	3050 bar/s [3]	554.2 bar m/s [4]
9	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	5.4 [2]	2930 bar/s [3]	532.4 bar m/s [4]
10	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	4.9 [2]	2700 bar/s [3]	490.6 bar m/s [4]
11	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	4.7 [2]	2470 bar/s [3]	448.8 bar m/s [4]
12	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	4.1 [2]	744 bar/s [3]	135.2 bar m/s [4]
13	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	66 Mol%	34 Mol%	2.1 [2]	123.9 bar/s [3]	22.5 bar m/s [4]
14	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	70 Mol%	30 Mol%	1.2 [2]	20.9 bar/s [3]	3.8 bar m/s [4]
15	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	72 Mol%	28 Mol%	1.1 [2]	16.8 bar/s [3]	3.1 bar m/s [4]
16	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	72.2 Mol%	27.8 Mol%	1.1 [2]	8.3 bar/s [3]	1.5 bar m/s [4]
17	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	72.4 Mol%	27.6 Mol%	1 [2]	6.8 bar/s [3]	1.2 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Title	Report on the experimentally determined explosion limits, explosion pressures and rates of explosion pressure rise - Part 2: ethane, ethylene, propane, n-butane, ammonia and carbon monoxide Contractual deliverable No. 9
Author	Holtappels, K.
Year	2006
Abstract English	Project SAFEKINEX: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072, The EN 1839 fixes the experimental basic principles of explosion indices determination, limited to atmospheric pressures. Influence of P, T, vessel vol., ignition source and energy on explosion indices were reported for P up to 30 bar and T up to 250 deg. C.
Abstract German	SAFEKINEX-Projekt: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072. EN 1839 Norm beschreibt die exp. Methode für atmosphärische Bedingung. Es werden die Einflüsse von P, T und Gefäßgröße, Zündarten, Zündenergie für Drücke bis 30 bar und T bis 250 °C auf Explosionskenngrößen vorgestellt.
Document Number	EXP-180
Institution	Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Technical University Delft
Language	ENGL

9

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2016

BAM

1 bar

20 °C

0.1 bar m/s ... 4.9 bar m/s

UTI: 5013-008-001/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5013-008-001/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	17.4 Mol%	82.6 Mol%	1 [2]	0.6 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]
2	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	18 Mol%	82 Mol%	1.1 [2]	1.3 bar/s [3]	0.2 bar m/s [4]
3	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	1.8 [2]	2 bar/s [3]	0.4 bar m/s [4]
4	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	4.7 [2]	5.5 bar/s [3]	1 bar m/s [4]
5	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	5.5 [2]	10.1 bar/s [3]	1.8 bar m/s [4]
6	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	32 Mol%	68 Mol%	5.5 [2]	10.5 bar/s [3]	1.9 bar m/s [4]
7	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	6 [2]	26.9 bar/s [3]	4.9 bar m/s [4]
8	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	37 Mol%	63 Mol%	5.5 [2]	9.6 bar/s [3]	1.7 bar m/s [4]
9	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	5.3 [2]	10.2 bar/s [3]	1.9 bar m/s [4]
10	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	5.6 [2]	13.2 bar/s [3]	2.4 bar m/s [4]
11	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	4.3 [2]	4.5 bar/s [3]	0.8 bar m/s [4]
12	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	1.2 [2]	0.8 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]
13	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60.2 Mol%	39.8 Mol%	1 [2]	0.9 bar/s [3]	0.2 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

10

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2016

BAM

1 bar

200 °C

0.1 bar m/s ... 11.8 bar m/s

UTI: 5013-008-002/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5013-008-002/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.6 Mol%	86.4 Mol%	1 [2]	0.3 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]
2	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.8 Mol%	86.2 Mol%	1.2 [2]	0.7 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]
3	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15 Mol%	85 Mol%	1.4 [2]	2.4 bar/s [3]	0.4 bar m/s [4]
4	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	3.1 [2]	10.8 bar/s [3]	2 bar m/s [4]
5	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	4 [2]	27.2 bar/s [3]	4.9 bar m/s [4]
6	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	4.1 [2]	27.8 bar/s [3]	5.1 bar m/s [4]
7	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	4.5 [2]	64.8 bar/s [3]	11.8 bar m/s [4]
8	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	4.4 [2]	51.5 bar/s [3]	9.4 bar m/s [4]
9	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	4.1 [2]	37 bar/s [3]	6.7 bar m/s [4]
10	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	3.8 [2]	24.6 bar/s [3]	4.5 bar m/s [4]
11	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	3.3 [2]	11.3 bar/s [3]	2.1 bar m/s [4]
12	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	67.6 Mol%	32.4 Mol%	2.7 [2]	14.4 bar/s [3]	2.6 bar m/s [4]
13	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	69.2 Mol%	30.8 Mol%	1.2 [2]	1.6 bar/s [3]	0.3 bar m/s [4]
14	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	69.4 Mol%	30.6 Mol%	1 [2]	0.4 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

11

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2016

BAM

5 bar

20 °C

0 bar m/s ... 55.2 bar m/s

UTI: 5013-008-003/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5013-008-003/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16 Mol%	84 Mol%	1 [2]	2.8 bar/s [3]	0.5 bar m/s [4]
2	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	18 Mol%	82 Mol%	1.5 [2]	6.4 bar/s [3]	1.2 bar m/s [4]
3	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	7.3 [2]	304 bar/s [3]	55.2 bar m/s [4]
4	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	7.4 [2]	262 bar/s [3]	47.6 bar m/s [4]
5	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	7.2 [2]	256 bar/s [3]	46.5 bar m/s [4]
6	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	59 Mol%	41 Mol%	1.3 [2]	4.9 bar/s [3]	0.9 bar m/s [4]
7	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	1.1 [2]	2.9 bar/s [3]	0.5 bar m/s [4]
8	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60.4 Mol%	39.6 Mol%	1.2 [2]	3.8 bar/s [3]	0.7 bar m/s [4]
9	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60.6 Mol%	39.4 Mol%	1.1 [2]	3.2 bar/s [3]	0.6 bar m/s [4]
10	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60.8 Mol%	39.2 Mol%	1.1 [2]	3.2 bar/s [3]	0.6 bar m/s [4]
11	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	61 Mol%	39 Mol%	1.1 [2]	3.2 bar/s [3]	0 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

12

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2016

BAM

5 bar

200 °C

0.2 bar m/s ... 41.2 bar m/s

UTI: 5013-008-004/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5013-008-004/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.6 Mol%	86.4 Mol%	1 [2]	1.3 bar/s [3]	0.2 bar m/s [4]
2	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15 Mol%	85 Mol%	1.6 [2]	7.9 bar/s [3]	1.4 bar m/s [4]
3	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	4.1 [2]	115 bar/s [3]	20.9 bar m/s [4]
4	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	4.4 [2]	144 bar/s [3]	26.2 bar m/s [4]
5	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	4.8 [2]	227 bar/s [3]	41.2 bar m/s [4]
6	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	4.7 [2]	196 bar/s [3]	35.6 bar m/s [4]
7	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	4.6 [2]	139 bar/s [3]	25.3 bar m/s [4]
8	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	4.4 [2]	206 bar/s [3]	37.4 bar m/s [4]
9	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	4.3 [2]	183 bar/s [3]	33.3 bar m/s [4]
10	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	55 Mol%	45 Mol%	3.7 [2]	57.2 bar/s [3]	10.4 bar m/s [4]
11	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	3.3 [2]	29.5 bar/s [3]	5.4 bar m/s [4]
12	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	67.2 Mol%	32.8 Mol%	1.9 [2]	5.3 bar/s [3]	1 bar m/s [4]
13	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	67.4 Mol%	32.6 Mol%	1 [2]	1.6 bar/s [3]	0.3 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

13

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2016

BAM

10 bar

20 °C

0.7 bar m/s ... 375.1 bar m/s

UTI: 5013-008-005/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5013-008-005/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.2 Mol%	84.8 Mol%	1 [2]	3.7 bar/s [3]	0.7 bar m/s [4]
2	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.4 Mol%	84.6 Mol%	1.1 [2]	4.2 bar/s [3]	0.8 bar m/s [4]
3	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.6 Mol%	84.4 Mol%	1.2 [2]	9.7 bar/s [3]	1.8 bar m/s [4]
4	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16 Mol%	84 Mol%	1.3 [2]	11.5 bar/s [3]	2.1 bar m/s [4]
5	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	5.5 [2]	107 bar/s [3]	19.4 bar m/s [4]
6	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	7.8 [2]	1150 bar/s [3]	209 bar m/s [4]
7	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	7.5 [2]	1091 bar/s [3]	198.2 bar m/s [4]
8	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	8.5 [2]	1590 bar/s [3]	288.9 bar m/s [4]
9	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	8.5 [2]	2064 bar/s [3]	375.1 bar m/s [4]
10	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	8.4 [2]	1710 bar/s [3]	310.7 bar m/s [4]
11	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	6.4 [2]	304 bar/s [3]	55.2 bar m/s [4]
12	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	66 Mol%	34 Mol%	3.1 [2]	27.5 bar/s [3]	5 bar m/s [4]
13	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	67 Mol%	33 Mol%	1.9 [2]	17 bar/s [3]	3.1 bar m/s [4]
14	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	68 Mol%	32 Mol%	1.5 [2]	12 bar/s [3]	2.2 bar m/s [4]
15	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	68.4 Mol%	31.6 Mol%	1.3 [2]	9.2 bar/s [3]	1.7 bar m/s [4]
16	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	69 Mol%	31 Mol%	1.2 [2]	6.3 bar/s [3]	1.1 bar m/s [4]
17	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	69.2 Mol%	30.8 Mol%	1 [2]	4.9 bar/s [3]	0.9 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

14

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2016

BAM

10 bar

200 °C

0.1 bar m/s ... 66.3 bar m/s

UTI: 5013-008-006/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5013-008-006/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.6 Mol%	86.4 Mol%	1 [2]	4.1 bar/s [3]	0.7 bar m/s [4]
2	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.8 Mol%	86.2 Mol%	1.1 [2]	0.5 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]
3	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15 Mol%	85 Mol%	1.1 [2]	10.4 bar/s [3]	1.9 bar m/s [4]
4	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	3.7 [2]	85.4 bar/s [3]	15.5 bar m/s [4]
5	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	4.4 [2]	148 bar/s [3]	26.9 bar m/s [4]
6	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	4.8 [2]	335 bar/s [3]	60.9 bar m/s [4]
7	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	4.8 [2]	356 bar/s [3]	64.7 bar m/s [4]
8	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	4.7 [2]	328 bar/s [3]	59.6 bar m/s [4]
9	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	4.5 [2]	365 bar/s [3]	66.3 bar m/s [4]
10	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	4.2 [2]	163 bar/s [3]	29.6 bar m/s [4]
11	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	3.2 [2]	26.4 bar/s [3]	4.8 bar m/s [4]
12	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	65 Mol%	35 Mol%	1.4 [2]	11.4 bar/s [3]	2.1 bar m/s [4]
13	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	65.8 Mol%	34.2 Mol%	1.1 [2]	6 bar/s [3]	1.1 bar m/s [4]
14	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	66 Mol%	34 Mol%	1.1 [2]	4.3 bar/s [3]	0.8 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

15

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2016

BAM

30 bar

20 °C

1.4 bar m/s ... 3452.5 bar m/s

UTI: 5013-008-007/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5013-008-007/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16.6 Mol%	83.4 Mol%	1 [2]	7.6 bar/s [3]	1.4 bar m/s [4]
2	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16.8 Mol%	83.2 Mol%	1.2 [2]	28.6 bar/s [3]	5.2 bar m/s [4]
3	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	17 Mol%	83 Mol%	1.2 [2]	29.1 bar/s [3]	5.3 bar m/s [4]
4	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	7.6 [2]	986 bar/s [3]	179.2 bar m/s [4]
5	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	8.6 [2]	15800 bar/s [3]	2871.1 bar m/s [4]
6	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	8.2 [2]	15020 bar/s [3]	2729.3 bar m/s [4]
7	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	8.5 [2]	19000 bar/s [3]	3452.5 bar m/s [4]
8	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	8 [2]	13300 bar/s [3]	2416.8 bar m/s [4]
9	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	7.8 [2]	7830 bar/s [3]	1422.8 bar m/s [4]
10	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	6.1 [2]	525 bar/s [3]	95.4 bar m/s [4]
11	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	64 Mol%	36 Mol%	2.7 [2]	114 bar/s [3]	20.7 bar m/s [4]
12	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	66 Mol%	34 Mol%	1.6 [2]	60.8 bar/s [3]	11 bar m/s [4]
13	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	67 Mol%	33 Mol%	1.3 [2]	37.7 bar/s [3]	6.9 bar m/s [4]
14	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	68 Mol%	32 Mol%	1.2 [2]	28.4 bar/s [3]	5.2 bar m/s [4]
15	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	68.2 Mol%	31.8 Mol%	1 [2]	7.6 bar/s [3]	1.4 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

16

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2016

BAM

30 bar

200 °C

1.2 bar m/s ... 697.8 bar m/s

UTI: 5013-008-008/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5013-008-008/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.2 Mol%	84.8 Mol%	1 [2]	7.7 bar/s [3]	1.4 bar m/s [4]
2	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.4 Mol%	84.6 Mol%	1.1 [2]	105 bar/s [3]	19.1 bar m/s [4]
3	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.6 Mol%	84.4 Mol%	1.1 [2]	12.4 bar/s [3]	2.3 bar m/s [4]
4	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16 Mol%	84 Mol%	1.1 [2]	14.7 bar/s [3]	2.7 bar m/s [4]
5	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	4.4 [2]	738 bar/s [3]	134.1 bar m/s [4]
6	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	5 [2]	1620 bar/s [3]	294.4 bar m/s [4]
7	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	5.3 [2]	3840 bar/s [3]	697.8 bar m/s [4]
8	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	5.4 [2]	3050 bar/s [3]	554.2 bar m/s [4]
9	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	5.4 [2]	2930 bar/s [3]	532.4 bar m/s [4]
10	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	4.9 [2]	2700 bar/s [3]	490.6 bar m/s [4]
11	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	4.7 [2]	2470 bar/s [3]	448.8 bar m/s [4]
12	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	4.1 [2]	744 bar/s [3]	135.2 bar m/s [4]
13	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	66 Mol%	34 Mol%	2.1 [2]	123.9 bar/s [3]	22.5 bar m/s [4]
14	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	70 Mol%	30 Mol%	1.2 [2]	20.9 bar/s [3]	3.8 bar m/s [4]
15	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	72 Mol%	28 Mol%	1.1 [2]	16.8 bar/s [3]	3.1 bar m/s [4]
16	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	72.2 Mol%	27.8 Mol%	1.1 [2]	8.3 bar/s [3]	1.5 bar m/s [4]
17	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	72.4 Mol%	27.6 Mol%	1 [2]	6.8 bar/s [3]	1.2 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration

1

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2006

Holtappels, K.

1 bar

20 °C

0.6 bar/s ... 26.9 bar/s

UTI: 5579-000-001/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5579-000-001/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	17.4 Mol%	82.6 Mol%	1 [2]	0.6 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]
2	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	18 Mol%	82 Mol%	1.1 [2]	1.3 bar/s [3]	0.2 bar m/s [4]
3	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	1.8 [2]	2 bar/s [3]	0.4 bar m/s [4]
4	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	4.7 [2]	5.5 bar/s [3]	1 bar m/s [4]
5	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	5.5 [2]	10.1 bar/s [3]	1.8 bar m/s [4]
6	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	32 Mol%	68 Mol%	5.5 [2]	10.5 bar/s [3]	1.9 bar m/s [4]
7	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	6 [2]	26.9 bar/s [3]	4.9 bar m/s [4]
8	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	37 Mol%	63 Mol%	5.5 [2]	9.6 bar/s [3]	1.7 bar m/s [4]
9	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	5.3 [2]	10.2 bar/s [3]	1.9 bar m/s [4]
10	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	5.6 [2]	13.2 bar/s [3]	2.4 bar m/s [4]
11	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	4.3 [2]	4.5 bar/s [3]	0.8 bar m/s [4]
12	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	1.2 [2]	0.8 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]
13	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60.2 Mol%	39.8 Mol%	1 [2]	0.9 bar/s [3]	0.2 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Title	Report on the experimentally determined explosion limits, explosion pressures and rates of explosion pressure rise - Part 2: ethane, ethylene, propane, n-butane, ammonia and carbon monoxide Contractual deliverable No. 9
Author	Holtappels, K.
Year	2006
Abstract English	Project SAFEKINEX: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072, The EN 1839 fixes the experimental basic principles of explosion indices determination, limited to atmospheric pressures. Influence of P, T, vessel vol., ignition source and energy on explosion indices were reported for P up to 30 bar and T up to 250 deg. C.
Abstract German	SAFEKINEX-Projekt: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072. EN 1839 Norm beschreibt die exp. Methode für atmosphärische Bedingung. Es werden die Einflüsse von P, T und Gefäßgröße, Zündarten, Zündenergie für Drücke bis 30 bar und T bis 250 °C auf Explosionskenngrößen vorgestellt.
Document Number	EXP-180
Institution	Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Technical University Delft
Language	ENGL

2

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2006

Holtappels, K.

1 bar

200 °C

0.3 bar/s ... 64.8 bar/s

UTI: 5579-000-002/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5579-000-002/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.6 Mol%	86.4 Mol%	1 [2]	0.3 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]
2	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.8 Mol%	86.2 Mol%	1.2 [2]	0.7 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]
3	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15 Mol%	85 Mol%	1.4 [2]	2.4 bar/s [3]	0.4 bar m/s [4]
4	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	3.1 [2]	10.8 bar/s [3]	2 bar m/s [4]
5	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	4 [2]	27.2 bar/s [3]	4.9 bar m/s [4]
6	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	4.1 [2]	27.8 bar/s [3]	5.1 bar m/s [4]
7	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	4.5 [2]	64.8 bar/s [3]	11.8 bar m/s [4]
8	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	4.4 [2]	51.5 bar/s [3]	9.4 bar m/s [4]
9	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	4.1 [2]	37 bar/s [3]	6.7 bar m/s [4]
10	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	3.8 [2]	24.6 bar/s [3]	4.5 bar m/s [4]
11	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	3.3 [2]	11.3 bar/s [3]	2.1 bar m/s [4]
12	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	67.6 Mol%	32.4 Mol%	2.7 [2]	14.4 bar/s [3]	2.6 bar m/s [4]
13	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	69.2 Mol%	30.8 Mol%	1.2 [2]	1.6 bar/s [3]	0.3 bar m/s [4]
14	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	69.4 Mol%	30.6 Mol%	1 [2]	0.4 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Title	Report on the experimentally determined explosion limits, explosion pressures and rates of explosion pressure rise - Part 2: ethane, ethylene, propane, n-butane, ammonia and carbon monoxide Contractual deliverable No. 9
Author	Holtappels, K.
Year	2006
Abstract English	Project SAFEKINEX: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072, The EN 1839 fixes the experimental basic principles of explosion indices determination, limited to atmospheric pressures. Influence of P, T, vessel vol., ignition source and energy on explosion indices were reported for P up to 30 bar and T up to 250 deg. C.
Abstract German	SAFEKINEX-Projekt: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072. EN 1839 Norm beschreibt die exp. Methode für atmosphärische Bedingung. Es werden die Einflüsse von P, T und Gefäßgröße, Zündarten, Zündenergie für Drücke bis 30 bar und T bis 250 °C auf Explosionskenngrößen vorgestellt.
Document Number	EXP-180
Institution	Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Technical University Delft
Language	ENGL

3

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2006

Holtappels, K.

5 bar

20 °C

2.8 bar/s ... 304 bar/s

UTI: 5579-000-003/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5579-000-003/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16 Mol%	84 Mol%	1 [2]	2.8 bar/s [3]	0.5 bar m/s [4]
2	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	18 Mol%	82 Mol%	1.5 [2]	6.4 bar/s [3]	1.2 bar m/s [4]
3	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	7.3 [2]	304 bar/s [3]	55.2 bar m/s [4]
4	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	7.4 [2]	262 bar/s [3]	47.6 bar m/s [4]
5	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	7.2 [2]	256 bar/s [3]	46.5 bar m/s [4]
6	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	59 Mol%	41 Mol%	1.3 [2]	4.9 bar/s [3]	0.9 bar m/s [4]
7	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	1.1 [2]	2.9 bar/s [3]	0.5 bar m/s [4]
8	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60.4 Mol%	39.6 Mol%	1.2 [2]	3.8 bar/s [3]	0.7 bar m/s [4]
9	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60.6 Mol%	39.4 Mol%	1.1 [2]	3.2 bar/s [3]	0.6 bar m/s [4]
10	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60.8 Mol%	39.2 Mol%	1.1 [2]	3.2 bar/s [3]	0.6 bar m/s [4]
11	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	61 Mol%	39 Mol%	1.1 [2]	3.2 bar/s [3]	0 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Title	Report on the experimentally determined explosion limits, explosion pressures and rates of explosion pressure rise - Part 2: ethane, ethylene, propane, n-butane, ammonia and carbon monoxide Contractual deliverable No. 9
Author	Holtappels, K.
Year	2006
Abstract English	Project SAFEKINEX: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072, The EN 1839 fixes the experimental basic principles of explosion indices determination, limited to atmospheric pressures. Influence of P, T, vessel vol., ignition source and energy on explosion indices were reported for P up to 30 bar and T up to 250 deg. C.
Abstract German	SAFEKINEX-Projekt: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072. EN 1839 Norm beschreibt die exp. Methode für atmosphärische Bedingung. Es werden die Einflüsse von P, T und Gefäßgröße, Zündarten, Zündenergie für Drücke bis 30 bar und T bis 250 °C auf Explosionskenngrößen vorgestellt.
Document Number	EXP-180
Institution	Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Technical University Delft
Language	ENGL

4

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2006

Holtappels, K.

5 bar

200 °C

1.3 bar/s ... 227 bar/s

UTI: 5579-000-004/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5579-000-004/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.6 Mol%	86.4 Mol%	1 [2]	1.3 bar/s [3]	0.2 bar m/s [4]
2	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15 Mol%	85 Mol%	1.6 [2]	7.9 bar/s [3]	1.4 bar m/s [4]
3	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	4.1 [2]	115 bar/s [3]	20.9 bar m/s [4]
4	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	4.4 [2]	144 bar/s [3]	26.2 bar m/s [4]
5	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	4.8 [2]	227 bar/s [3]	41.2 bar m/s [4]
6	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	4.7 [2]	196 bar/s [3]	35.6 bar m/s [4]
7	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	4.6 [2]	139 bar/s [3]	25.3 bar m/s [4]
8	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	4.4 [2]	206 bar/s [3]	37.4 bar m/s [4]
9	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	4.3 [2]	183 bar/s [3]	33.3 bar m/s [4]
10	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	55 Mol%	45 Mol%	3.7 [2]	57.2 bar/s [3]	10.4 bar m/s [4]
11	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	3.3 [2]	29.5 bar/s [3]	5.4 bar m/s [4]
12	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	67.2 Mol%	32.8 Mol%	1.9 [2]	5.3 bar/s [3]	1 bar m/s [4]
13	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	67.4 Mol%	32.6 Mol%	1 [2]	1.6 bar/s [3]	0.3 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Title	Report on the experimentally determined explosion limits, explosion pressures and rates of explosion pressure rise - Part 2: ethane, ethylene, propane, n-butane, ammonia and carbon monoxide Contractual deliverable No. 9
Author	Holtappels, K.
Year	2006
Abstract English	Project SAFEKINEX: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072, The EN 1839 fixes the experimental basic principles of explosion indices determination, limited to atmospheric pressures. Influence of P, T, vessel vol., ignition source and energy on explosion indices were reported for P up to 30 bar and T up to 250 deg. C.
Abstract German	SAFEKINEX-Projekt: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072. EN 1839 Norm beschreibt die exp. Methode für atmosphärische Bedingung. Es werden die Einflüsse von P, T und Gefäßgröße, Zündarten, Zündenergie für Drücke bis 30 bar und T bis 250 °C auf Explosionskenngrößen vorgestellt.
Document Number	EXP-180
Institution	Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Technical University Delft
Language	ENGL

5

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2006

Holtappels, K.

10 bar

20 °C

3.7 bar/s ... 2064 bar/s

UTI: 5579-000-005/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5579-000-005/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.2 Mol%	84.8 Mol%	1 [2]	3.7 bar/s [3]	0.7 bar m/s [4]
2	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.4 Mol%	84.6 Mol%	1.1 [2]	4.2 bar/s [3]	0.8 bar m/s [4]
3	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.6 Mol%	84.4 Mol%	1.2 [2]	9.7 bar/s [3]	1.8 bar m/s [4]
4	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16 Mol%	84 Mol%	1.3 [2]	11.5 bar/s [3]	2.1 bar m/s [4]
5	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	5.5 [2]	107 bar/s [3]	19.4 bar m/s [4]
6	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	7.8 [2]	1150 bar/s [3]	209 bar m/s [4]
7	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	7.5 [2]	1091 bar/s [3]	198.2 bar m/s [4]
8	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	8.5 [2]	1590 bar/s [3]	288.9 bar m/s [4]
9	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	8.5 [2]	2064 bar/s [3]	375.1 bar m/s [4]
10	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	8.4 [2]	1710 bar/s [3]	310.7 bar m/s [4]
11	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	6.4 [2]	304 bar/s [3]	55.2 bar m/s [4]
12	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	66 Mol%	34 Mol%	3.1 [2]	27.5 bar/s [3]	5 bar m/s [4]
13	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	67 Mol%	33 Mol%	1.9 [2]	17 bar/s [3]	3.1 bar m/s [4]
14	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	68 Mol%	32 Mol%	1.5 [2]	12 bar/s [3]	2.2 bar m/s [4]
15	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	68.4 Mol%	31.6 Mol%	1.3 [2]	9.2 bar/s [3]	1.7 bar m/s [4]
16	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	69 Mol%	31 Mol%	1.2 [2]	6.3 bar/s [3]	1.1 bar m/s [4]
17	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	69.2 Mol%	30.8 Mol%	1 [2]	4.9 bar/s [3]	0.9 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Title	Report on the experimentally determined explosion limits, explosion pressures and rates of explosion pressure rise - Part 2: ethane, ethylene, propane, n-butane, ammonia and carbon monoxide Contractual deliverable No. 9
Author	Holtappels, K.
Year	2006
Abstract English	Project SAFEKINEX: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072, The EN 1839 fixes the experimental basic principles of explosion indices determination, limited to atmospheric pressures. Influence of P, T, vessel vol., ignition source and energy on explosion indices were reported for P up to 30 bar and T up to 250 deg. C.
Abstract German	SAFEKINEX-Projekt: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072. EN 1839 Norm beschreibt die exp. Methode für atmosphärische Bedingung. Es werden die Einflüsse von P, T und Gefäßgröße, Zündarten, Zündenergie für Drücke bis 30 bar und T bis 250 °C auf Explosionskenngrößen vorgestellt.
Document Number	EXP-180
Institution	Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Technical University Delft
Language	ENGL

6

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2006

Holtappels, K.

10 bar

200 °C

0.5 bar/s ... 365 bar/s

UTI: 5579-000-006/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5579-000-006/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.6 Mol%	86.4 Mol%	1 [2]	4.1 bar/s [3]	0.7 bar m/s [4]
2	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.8 Mol%	86.2 Mol%	1.1 [2]	0.5 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]
3	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15 Mol%	85 Mol%	1.1 [2]	10.4 bar/s [3]	1.9 bar m/s [4]
4	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	3.7 [2]	85.4 bar/s [3]	15.5 bar m/s [4]
5	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	4.4 [2]	148 bar/s [3]	26.9 bar m/s [4]
6	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	4.8 [2]	335 bar/s [3]	60.9 bar m/s [4]
7	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	4.8 [2]	356 bar/s [3]	64.7 bar m/s [4]
8	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	4.7 [2]	328 bar/s [3]	59.6 bar m/s [4]
9	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	4.5 [2]	365 bar/s [3]	66.3 bar m/s [4]
10	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	4.2 [2]	163 bar/s [3]	29.6 bar m/s [4]
11	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	3.2 [2]	26.4 bar/s [3]	4.8 bar m/s [4]
12	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	65 Mol%	35 Mol%	1.4 [2]	11.4 bar/s [3]	2.1 bar m/s [4]
13	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	65.8 Mol%	34.2 Mol%	1.1 [2]	6 bar/s [3]	1.1 bar m/s [4]
14	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	66 Mol%	34 Mol%	1.1 [2]	4.3 bar/s [3]	0.8 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Title	Report on the experimentally determined explosion limits, explosion pressures and rates of explosion pressure rise - Part 2: ethane, ethylene, propane, n-butane, ammonia and carbon monoxide Contractual deliverable No. 9
Author	Holtappels, K.
Year	2006
Abstract English	Project SAFEKINEX: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072, The EN 1839 fixes the experimental basic principles of explosion indices determination, limited to atmospheric pressures. Influence of P, T, vessel vol., ignition source and energy on explosion indices were reported for P up to 30 bar and T up to 250 deg. C.
Abstract German	SAFEKINEX-Projekt: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072. EN 1839 Norm beschreibt die exp. Methode für atmosphärische Bedingung. Es werden die Einflüsse von P, T und Gefäßgröße, Zündarten, Zündenergie für Drücke bis 30 bar und T bis 250 °C auf Explosionskenngrößen vorgestellt.
Document Number	EXP-180
Institution	Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Technical University Delft
Language	ENGL

7

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2006

Holtappels, K.

30 bar

20 °C

7.6 bar/s ... 19000 bar/s

UTI: 5579-000-007/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5579-000-007/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16.6 Mol%	83.4 Mol%	1 [2]	7.6 bar/s [3]	1.4 bar m/s [4]
2	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16.8 Mol%	83.2 Mol%	1.2 [2]	28.6 bar/s [3]	5.2 bar m/s [4]
3	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	17 Mol%	83 Mol%	1.2 [2]	29.1 bar/s [3]	5.3 bar m/s [4]
4	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	7.6 [2]	986 bar/s [3]	179.2 bar m/s [4]
5	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	8.6 [2]	15800 bar/s [3]	2871.1 bar m/s [4]
6	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	8.2 [2]	15020 bar/s [3]	2729.3 bar m/s [4]
7	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	8.5 [2]	19000 bar/s [3]	3452.5 bar m/s [4]
8	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	8 [2]	13300 bar/s [3]	2416.8 bar m/s [4]
9	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	7.8 [2]	7830 bar/s [3]	1422.8 bar m/s [4]
10	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	6.1 [2]	525 bar/s [3]	95.4 bar m/s [4]
11	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	64 Mol%	36 Mol%	2.7 [2]	114 bar/s [3]	20.7 bar m/s [4]
12	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	66 Mol%	34 Mol%	1.6 [2]	60.8 bar/s [3]	11 bar m/s [4]
13	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	67 Mol%	33 Mol%	1.3 [2]	37.7 bar/s [3]	6.9 bar m/s [4]
14	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	68 Mol%	32 Mol%	1.2 [2]	28.4 bar/s [3]	5.2 bar m/s [4]
15	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	68.2 Mol%	31.8 Mol%	1 [2]	7.6 bar/s [3]	1.4 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Title	Report on the experimentally determined explosion limits, explosion pressures and rates of explosion pressure rise - Part 2: ethane, ethylene, propane, n-butane, ammonia and carbon monoxide Contractual deliverable No. 9
Author	Holtappels, K.
Year	2006
Abstract English	Project SAFEKINEX: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072, The EN 1839 fixes the experimental basic principles of explosion indices determination, limited to atmospheric pressures. Influence of P, T, vessel vol., ignition source and energy on explosion indices were reported for P up to 30 bar and T up to 250 deg. C.
Abstract German	SAFEKINEX-Projekt: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072. EN 1839 Norm beschreibt die exp. Methode für atmosphärische Bedingung. Es werden die Einflüsse von P, T und Gefäßgröße, Zündarten, Zündenergie für Drücke bis 30 bar und T bis 250 °C auf Explosionskenngrößen vorgestellt.
Document Number	EXP-180
Institution	Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Technical University Delft
Language	ENGL

8

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2006

Holtappels, K.

30 bar

200 °C

6.8 bar/s ... 3840 bar/s

UTI: 5579-000-008/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5579-000-008/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.2 Mol%	84.8 Mol%	1 [2]	7.7 bar/s [3]	1.4 bar m/s [4]
2	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.4 Mol%	84.6 Mol%	1.1 [2]	105 bar/s [3]	19.1 bar m/s [4]
3	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.6 Mol%	84.4 Mol%	1.1 [2]	12.4 bar/s [3]	2.3 bar m/s [4]
4	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16 Mol%	84 Mol%	1.1 [2]	14.7 bar/s [3]	2.7 bar m/s [4]
5	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	4.4 [2]	738 bar/s [3]	134.1 bar m/s [4]
6	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	5 [2]	1620 bar/s [3]	294.4 bar m/s [4]
7	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	5.3 [2]	3840 bar/s [3]	697.8 bar m/s [4]
8	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	5.4 [2]	3050 bar/s [3]	554.2 bar m/s [4]
9	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	5.4 [2]	2930 bar/s [3]	532.4 bar m/s [4]
10	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	4.9 [2]	2700 bar/s [3]	490.6 bar m/s [4]
11	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	4.7 [2]	2470 bar/s [3]	448.8 bar m/s [4]
12	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	4.1 [2]	744 bar/s [3]	135.2 bar m/s [4]
13	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	66 Mol%	34 Mol%	2.1 [2]	123.9 bar/s [3]	22.5 bar m/s [4]
14	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	70 Mol%	30 Mol%	1.2 [2]	20.9 bar/s [3]	3.8 bar m/s [4]
15	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	72 Mol%	28 Mol%	1.1 [2]	16.8 bar/s [3]	3.1 bar m/s [4]
16	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	72.2 Mol%	27.8 Mol%	1.1 [2]	8.3 bar/s [3]	1.5 bar m/s [4]
17	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	72.4 Mol%	27.6 Mol%	1 [2]	6.8 bar/s [3]	1.2 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Title	Report on the experimentally determined explosion limits, explosion pressures and rates of explosion pressure rise - Part 2: ethane, ethylene, propane, n-butane, ammonia and carbon monoxide Contractual deliverable No. 9
Author	Holtappels, K.
Year	2006
Abstract English	Project SAFEKINEX: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072, The EN 1839 fixes the experimental basic principles of explosion indices determination, limited to atmospheric pressures. Influence of P, T, vessel vol., ignition source and energy on explosion indices were reported for P up to 30 bar and T up to 250 deg. C.
Abstract German	SAFEKINEX-Projekt: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072. EN 1839 Norm beschreibt die exp. Methode für atmosphärische Bedingung. Es werden die Einflüsse von P, T und Gefäßgröße, Zündarten, Zündenergie für Drücke bis 30 bar und T bis 250 °C auf Explosionskenngrößen vorgestellt.
Document Number	EXP-180
Institution	Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Technical University Delft
Language	ENGL

9

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2016

BAM

1 bar

20 °C

0.6 bar/s ... 26.9 bar/s

UTI: 5013-008-001/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5013-008-001/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	17.4 Mol%	82.6 Mol%	1 [2]	0.6 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]
2	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	18 Mol%	82 Mol%	1.1 [2]	1.3 bar/s [3]	0.2 bar m/s [4]
3	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	1.8 [2]	2 bar/s [3]	0.4 bar m/s [4]
4	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	4.7 [2]	5.5 bar/s [3]	1 bar m/s [4]
5	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	5.5 [2]	10.1 bar/s [3]	1.8 bar m/s [4]
6	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	32 Mol%	68 Mol%	5.5 [2]	10.5 bar/s [3]	1.9 bar m/s [4]
7	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	6 [2]	26.9 bar/s [3]	4.9 bar m/s [4]
8	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	37 Mol%	63 Mol%	5.5 [2]	9.6 bar/s [3]	1.7 bar m/s [4]
9	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	5.3 [2]	10.2 bar/s [3]	1.9 bar m/s [4]
10	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	5.6 [2]	13.2 bar/s [3]	2.4 bar m/s [4]
11	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	4.3 [2]	4.5 bar/s [3]	0.8 bar m/s [4]
12	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	1.2 [2]	0.8 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]
13	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60.2 Mol%	39.8 Mol%	1 [2]	0.9 bar/s [3]	0.2 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

10

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2016

BAM

1 bar

200 °C

0.3 bar/s ... 64.8 bar/s

UTI: 5013-008-002/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5013-008-002/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.6 Mol%	86.4 Mol%	1 [2]	0.3 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]
2	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.8 Mol%	86.2 Mol%	1.2 [2]	0.7 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]
3	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15 Mol%	85 Mol%	1.4 [2]	2.4 bar/s [3]	0.4 bar m/s [4]
4	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	3.1 [2]	10.8 bar/s [3]	2 bar m/s [4]
5	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	4 [2]	27.2 bar/s [3]	4.9 bar m/s [4]
6	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	4.1 [2]	27.8 bar/s [3]	5.1 bar m/s [4]
7	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	4.5 [2]	64.8 bar/s [3]	11.8 bar m/s [4]
8	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	4.4 [2]	51.5 bar/s [3]	9.4 bar m/s [4]
9	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	4.1 [2]	37 bar/s [3]	6.7 bar m/s [4]
10	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	3.8 [2]	24.6 bar/s [3]	4.5 bar m/s [4]
11	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	3.3 [2]	11.3 bar/s [3]	2.1 bar m/s [4]
12	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	67.6 Mol%	32.4 Mol%	2.7 [2]	14.4 bar/s [3]	2.6 bar m/s [4]
13	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	69.2 Mol%	30.8 Mol%	1.2 [2]	1.6 bar/s [3]	0.3 bar m/s [4]
14	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	69.4 Mol%	30.6 Mol%	1 [2]	0.4 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

11

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2016

BAM

5 bar

20 °C

2.8 bar/s ... 304 bar/s

UTI: 5013-008-003/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5013-008-003/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16 Mol%	84 Mol%	1 [2]	2.8 bar/s [3]	0.5 bar m/s [4]
2	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	18 Mol%	82 Mol%	1.5 [2]	6.4 bar/s [3]	1.2 bar m/s [4]
3	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	7.3 [2]	304 bar/s [3]	55.2 bar m/s [4]
4	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	7.4 [2]	262 bar/s [3]	47.6 bar m/s [4]
5	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	7.2 [2]	256 bar/s [3]	46.5 bar m/s [4]
6	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	59 Mol%	41 Mol%	1.3 [2]	4.9 bar/s [3]	0.9 bar m/s [4]
7	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	1.1 [2]	2.9 bar/s [3]	0.5 bar m/s [4]
8	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60.4 Mol%	39.6 Mol%	1.2 [2]	3.8 bar/s [3]	0.7 bar m/s [4]
9	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60.6 Mol%	39.4 Mol%	1.1 [2]	3.2 bar/s [3]	0.6 bar m/s [4]
10	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60.8 Mol%	39.2 Mol%	1.1 [2]	3.2 bar/s [3]	0.6 bar m/s [4]
11	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	61 Mol%	39 Mol%	1.1 [2]	3.2 bar/s [3]	0 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

12

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2016

BAM

5 bar

200 °C

1.3 bar/s ... 227 bar/s

UTI: 5013-008-004/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5013-008-004/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.6 Mol%	86.4 Mol%	1 [2]	1.3 bar/s [3]	0.2 bar m/s [4]
2	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15 Mol%	85 Mol%	1.6 [2]	7.9 bar/s [3]	1.4 bar m/s [4]
3	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	4.1 [2]	115 bar/s [3]	20.9 bar m/s [4]
4	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	4.4 [2]	144 bar/s [3]	26.2 bar m/s [4]
5	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	4.8 [2]	227 bar/s [3]	41.2 bar m/s [4]
6	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	4.7 [2]	196 bar/s [3]	35.6 bar m/s [4]
7	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	4.6 [2]	139 bar/s [3]	25.3 bar m/s [4]
8	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	4.4 [2]	206 bar/s [3]	37.4 bar m/s [4]
9	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	4.3 [2]	183 bar/s [3]	33.3 bar m/s [4]
10	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	55 Mol%	45 Mol%	3.7 [2]	57.2 bar/s [3]	10.4 bar m/s [4]
11	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	3.3 [2]	29.5 bar/s [3]	5.4 bar m/s [4]
12	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	67.2 Mol%	32.8 Mol%	1.9 [2]	5.3 bar/s [3]	1 bar m/s [4]
13	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	67.4 Mol%	32.6 Mol%	1 [2]	1.6 bar/s [3]	0.3 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

13

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2016

BAM

10 bar

20 °C

3.7 bar/s ... 2064 bar/s

UTI: 5013-008-005/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5013-008-005/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.2 Mol%	84.8 Mol%	1 [2]	3.7 bar/s [3]	0.7 bar m/s [4]
2	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.4 Mol%	84.6 Mol%	1.1 [2]	4.2 bar/s [3]	0.8 bar m/s [4]
3	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.6 Mol%	84.4 Mol%	1.2 [2]	9.7 bar/s [3]	1.8 bar m/s [4]
4	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16 Mol%	84 Mol%	1.3 [2]	11.5 bar/s [3]	2.1 bar m/s [4]
5	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	5.5 [2]	107 bar/s [3]	19.4 bar m/s [4]
6	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	7.8 [2]	1150 bar/s [3]	209 bar m/s [4]
7	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	7.5 [2]	1091 bar/s [3]	198.2 bar m/s [4]
8	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	8.5 [2]	1590 bar/s [3]	288.9 bar m/s [4]
9	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	8.5 [2]	2064 bar/s [3]	375.1 bar m/s [4]
10	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	8.4 [2]	1710 bar/s [3]	310.7 bar m/s [4]
11	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	6.4 [2]	304 bar/s [3]	55.2 bar m/s [4]
12	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	66 Mol%	34 Mol%	3.1 [2]	27.5 bar/s [3]	5 bar m/s [4]
13	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	67 Mol%	33 Mol%	1.9 [2]	17 bar/s [3]	3.1 bar m/s [4]
14	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	68 Mol%	32 Mol%	1.5 [2]	12 bar/s [3]	2.2 bar m/s [4]
15	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	68.4 Mol%	31.6 Mol%	1.3 [2]	9.2 bar/s [3]	1.7 bar m/s [4]
16	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	69 Mol%	31 Mol%	1.2 [2]	6.3 bar/s [3]	1.1 bar m/s [4]
17	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	69.2 Mol%	30.8 Mol%	1 [2]	4.9 bar/s [3]	0.9 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

14

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2016

BAM

10 bar

200 °C

0.5 bar/s ... 365 bar/s

UTI: 5013-008-006/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5013-008-006/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.6 Mol%	86.4 Mol%	1 [2]	4.1 bar/s [3]	0.7 bar m/s [4]
2	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.8 Mol%	86.2 Mol%	1.1 [2]	0.5 bar/s [3]	0.1 bar m/s [4]
3	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15 Mol%	85 Mol%	1.1 [2]	10.4 bar/s [3]	1.9 bar m/s [4]
4	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	3.7 [2]	85.4 bar/s [3]	15.5 bar m/s [4]
5	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	4.4 [2]	148 bar/s [3]	26.9 bar m/s [4]
6	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	4.8 [2]	335 bar/s [3]	60.9 bar m/s [4]
7	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	4.8 [2]	356 bar/s [3]	64.7 bar m/s [4]
8	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	4.7 [2]	328 bar/s [3]	59.6 bar m/s [4]
9	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	4.5 [2]	365 bar/s [3]	66.3 bar m/s [4]
10	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	4.2 [2]	163 bar/s [3]	29.6 bar m/s [4]
11	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	3.2 [2]	26.4 bar/s [3]	4.8 bar m/s [4]
12	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	65 Mol%	35 Mol%	1.4 [2]	11.4 bar/s [3]	2.1 bar m/s [4]
13	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	65.8 Mol%	34.2 Mol%	1.1 [2]	6 bar/s [3]	1.1 bar m/s [4]
14	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	66 Mol%	34 Mol%	1.1 [2]	4.3 bar/s [3]	0.8 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

15

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2016

BAM

30 bar

20 °C

7.6 bar/s ... 19000 bar/s

UTI: 5013-008-007/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5013-008-007/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16.6 Mol%	83.4 Mol%	1 [2]	7.6 bar/s [3]	1.4 bar m/s [4]
2	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16.8 Mol%	83.2 Mol%	1.2 [2]	28.6 bar/s [3]	5.2 bar m/s [4]
3	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	17 Mol%	83 Mol%	1.2 [2]	29.1 bar/s [3]	5.3 bar m/s [4]
4	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	7.6 [2]	986 bar/s [3]	179.2 bar m/s [4]
5	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	8.6 [2]	15800 bar/s [3]	2871.1 bar m/s [4]
6	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	8.2 [2]	15020 bar/s [3]	2729.3 bar m/s [4]
7	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	8.5 [2]	19000 bar/s [3]	3452.5 bar m/s [4]
8	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	8 [2]	13300 bar/s [3]	2416.8 bar m/s [4]
9	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	7.8 [2]	7830 bar/s [3]	1422.8 bar m/s [4]
10	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	6.1 [2]	525 bar/s [3]	95.4 bar m/s [4]
11	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	64 Mol%	36 Mol%	2.7 [2]	114 bar/s [3]	20.7 bar m/s [4]
12	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	66 Mol%	34 Mol%	1.6 [2]	60.8 bar/s [3]	11 bar m/s [4]
13	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	67 Mol%	33 Mol%	1.3 [2]	37.7 bar/s [3]	6.9 bar m/s [4]
14	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	68 Mol%	32 Mol%	1.2 [2]	28.4 bar/s [3]	5.2 bar m/s [4]
15	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	68.2 Mol%	31.8 Mol%	1 [2]	7.6 bar/s [3]	1.4 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

16

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

2016

BAM

30 bar

200 °C

6.8 bar/s ... 3840 bar/s

UTI: 5013-008-008/20111005

Pex and KGex values in dependence of fuel concentration

UTI: 5013-008-008/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Composition of gas phase	Composition of gas phase	Explosion pressure ratio	Rate of explosion pressure rise at a defined concentration	KGex value at a defined concentration
	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement property of mixture	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 1	Parameter of the measurement partial property of component 2	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture	best available value property of mixture
1	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.2 Mol%	84.8 Mol%	1 [2]	7.7 bar/s [3]	1.4 bar m/s [4]
2	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.4 Mol%	84.6 Mol%	1.1 [2]	105 bar/s [3]	19.1 bar m/s [4]
3	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.6 Mol%	84.4 Mol%	1.1 [2]	12.4 bar/s [3]	2.3 bar m/s [4]
4	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16 Mol%	84 Mol%	1.1 [2]	14.7 bar/s [3]	2.7 bar m/s [4]
5	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	20 Mol%	80 Mol%	4.4 [2]	738 bar/s [3]	134.1 bar m/s [4]
6	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	25 Mol%	75 Mol%	5 [2]	1620 bar/s [3]	294.4 bar m/s [4]
7	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	30 Mol%	70 Mol%	5.3 [2]	3840 bar/s [3]	697.8 bar m/s [4]
8	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	35 Mol%	65 Mol%	5.4 [2]	3050 bar/s [3]	554.2 bar m/s [4]
9	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	40 Mol%	60 Mol%	5.4 [2]	2930 bar/s [3]	532.4 bar m/s [4]
10	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	45 Mol%	55 Mol%	4.9 [2]	2700 bar/s [3]	490.6 bar m/s [4]
11	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	50 Mol%	50 Mol%	4.7 [2]	2470 bar/s [3]	448.8 bar m/s [4]
12	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	60 Mol%	40 Mol%	4.1 [2]	744 bar/s [3]	135.2 bar m/s [4]
13	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	66 Mol%	34 Mol%	2.1 [2]	123.9 bar/s [3]	22.5 bar m/s [4]
14	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	70 Mol%	30 Mol%	1.2 [2]	20.9 bar/s [3]	3.8 bar m/s [4]
15	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	72 Mol%	28 Mol%	1.1 [2]	16.8 bar/s [3]	3.1 bar m/s [4]
16	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	72.2 Mol%	27.8 Mol%	1.1 [2]	8.3 bar/s [3]	1.5 bar m/s [4]
17	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	72.4 Mol%	27.6 Mol%	1 [2]	6.8 bar/s [3]	1.2 bar m/s [4]

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

[2] The pressure rising factor can be lower than the maximum pressure rising factor over the whole concentration range (s. Help)!

[3] The rate of explosion pressure rise is concentration dependent and can be lower than the maximum explosion pressure rise (s. Help)!

[4] The KGex value is related to the pressure rise at a certain mixture concentration it can be lower than the KG value (s. Help)!.

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

Limiting value for flammability (Tci)

1

2016

BAM

15.2 Mol%

UTI: 5009-012-001/20111005

UTI: 5009-012-001/20111005;

Line no	Limiting value for flammability (Tci)
	recommended value EU-standard property of pure substance
1	15.2 Mol%

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Tci values of Gases for Determination of fire potential for the selection of cylinder valve outlets 4.6 Calculation method: ISO 10156:2008 (E) - Draft
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	ENGL

2

2008

15.2 Mol%

UTI: 5537-012-001/20111005

UTI: 5537-012-001/20111005;

Line no	Limiting value for flammability (Tci)
	recommended value EU-standard property of pure substance
1	15.2 Mol%

Bibliographic data

Year	2008
Title	Draft for the revision of ISO 10156 "Gas cylinders – Gas and gas mixture – Determination of fire potential and oxidizing ability"
Subtitle	Table 2 —Tci and Li values of flammable gases and vapours
Publisher	ISO
Institution	ISO - International Organization for Standardization
Language	ENGL

Explosion limits

Lower explosion limit

1

2016

BAM

101.3 kPa

20 °C

10.9 Vol% ... 11.3 Vol%

UTI: 5000-000-001/20111005

UTI: 5000-000-001/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit
	Parameter of the measurement property of pure substance	Parameter of the measurement property of pure substance	recommended value according to german standard property of pure substance	recommended value according to german standard property of pure substance	recommended value according to german standard property of pure substance	recommended value according to german standard property of pure substance
1	20 °C	101.3 kPa	10.9 Vol% [A] [1]	76 Vol% [A] [1]	11.3 Vol% [A] [2]	75.6 Vol% [A] [2]

[A] DIN 51649-1: Determination of explosion limits of gases and gas/air mixtures; withdrawn, document was replaced by DIN EN 1839:2004-01

[1] Test method: DIN 51649-1;\ relative humidity > 80%

[2] Test method: DIN 51649-1;\ relative humidity < 10%

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics and Classifications of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

2

1952

Coward, H. F.; Jones, G. W.

12.5 Vol%

UTI: 5512-007-001/20111005

UTI: 5512-007-001/20111005;

Line no	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit
	property of pure substance	property of pure substance
1	12.5 Vol% [1]	74 Vol% [1]

[1] Upward propagation of flame in large vessels, open at their lower ends.

Bibliographic data

Title	Limits of Flammability of Gases and Vapors (Bulletin 503)
Author	Coward, H. F.; Jones, G. W.
Year	1952
Abstract English	Explosion limits of individual gases in air, oxygen and nitrous oxide.
Abstract German	Explosionsgrenzen von reinen Gasen in Luft, Sauerstoff und Distickstoffoxid.
Document Number	Coward/Jon
Institution	U.S. Bureau of Mines
Publisher	United States Government Printing Office
Publisher City	Washington
Language	ENGL

3

1965

Zabetakis, M. G.

12.5 Vol%

UTI: 5511-005-001/20111005

UTI: 5511-005-001/20111005;

Line no	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit
	property of pure substance	property of pure substance
1	12.5 Vol%	74 Vol%

Bibliographic data

Title	Flammability Characteristics of Combustible Gases and Vapors (Bulletin 627)
Author	Zabetakis, M. G.
Year	1965
Abstract English	Summary of limits of flammability and ignition temperatures of individual gases and vapors in air at atmospheric pressure. Appendix A, Table A-1. Explosion ranges, limits of flammability, maximum oxygen contents, and other safety data of flammable gas mixtures.
Abstract German	Eine Zusammenstellung der Explosionsgrenzen und der Zündtemperaturen einiger brennbarer Gase und Dämpfe in Luft bei Atmosphärendruck; Appendix A, Tafel A-1. Explosionsbereiche, Explosionsgrenzen, maximale Sauerstoffanteile und andere sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen von brennbaren Gasgemischen.
Document Number	Zabetakis
Institution	U.S. Bureau of Mines
URL	https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/7328370
Publisher	United States Government Printing Office
Publisher City	Washington
Language	ENGL

4

1985

Kuchta, J. M.

12.5 Vol%

UTI: 5513-033-001/20111005

UTI: 5513-033-001/20111005;

Line no	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit	Autoignition Temperature
	25 °C, 1 bar property of pure substance	25 °C, 1 bar property of pure substance	property of pure substance
1	12.5 Vol%	74 Vol%	609 °C

Bibliographic data

Title	Investigation of Fire and Explosion Accidents in the Chemical, Mining, and Fuel-Related Industries - A Manual (Bulletin 680)
Author	Kuchta, J. M.
Year	1985
Abstract English	Summary of explosion limits, flash points, ignition temperatures and chemical-physical data of liquid and gaseous compounds (gaseous combustion in air at atmospheric pressure); Appendix A
Abstract German	Zusammenstellung von Explosionsgrenzen, Flammpunkten, Zündtemperaturen und chemisch-physikalischen Daten von Flüssigkeiten und Gasen (Explosion in der Gasphase bei Atmosphärendruck); Appendix A
Document Number	DEDO-117
Institution	U.S. Bureau of Mines
Publisher	United States Government Printing Office
Publisher City	Washington
Language	ENGL

5

1990

Nabert, K.; Schön, G.

127 g/m3 ± 10 %

UTI: 5510-024-001/20111005

UTI: 5510-024-001/20111005;

Line no	Lower explosion limit	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit	Upper explosion limit	Autoignition Temperature	Maximum explosion pressure
	at atmospheric pressure and room temperature according to german standard property of pure substance	according to german standard property of pure substance	at atmospheric pressure and room temperature according to german standard property of pure substance	according to german standard property of pure substance	according to german standard property of pure substance	experimental property of pure substance
1	127 g/m3 ± 10 % ⚠	11 Vol% ± 10 %	895 g/m3 ± 5 % ⚠	77 Vol% ± 5 %	605 °C [A] [1]	8.2 bar

[A] DIN 51794: Testing of mineral oil hydrocarbons - Determination of ignition temperature; measurements are technically identical to those of ISO/IEC 80079-20-1 but results are treated differently.

[1] Test method: DIN 51794 or comparable methods

⚠ The reference for the specification in g/m3 is the molar volume at 20 °C

Bibliographic data

Title	Sicherheitstechnische Kennzahlen brennbarer Gase und Dämpfe (with 6. Supplement)
Author	Nabert, K.; Schön, G.
Year	1990
Publisher	Deutscher Eichverlag;Braunschweig (Pub.)
Abstract English	Safety values of about 1000 flammable gases and vapors: Explosion limits, ignition temperatures, flash points, explosion pressures.
Abstract German	Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen von ca. 1000 Gasen und Dämpfen: Explosionsgrenzen, Zündtemperaturen, Flammpunkte, Explosionsdrücke.
Language	GERM

6

1990

Nabert, K.; Schön, G.

11 Vol% ± 10 %

UTI: 5510-024-001/20111005

UTI: 5510-024-001/20111005;

Line no	Lower explosion limit	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit	Upper explosion limit	Autoignition Temperature	Maximum explosion pressure
	at atmospheric pressure and room temperature according to german standard property of pure substance	according to german standard property of pure substance	at atmospheric pressure and room temperature according to german standard property of pure substance	according to german standard property of pure substance	according to german standard property of pure substance	experimental property of pure substance
1	127 g/m3 ± 10 % ⚠	11 Vol% ± 10 %	895 g/m3 ± 5 % ⚠	77 Vol% ± 5 %	605 °C [A] [1]	8.2 bar

[A] DIN 51794: Testing of mineral oil hydrocarbons - Determination of ignition temperature; measurements are technically identical to those of ISO/IEC 80079-20-1 but results are treated differently.

[1] Test method: DIN 51794 or comparable methods

⚠ The reference for the specification in g/m3 is the molar volume at 20 °C

Bibliographic data

Title	Sicherheitstechnische Kennzahlen brennbarer Gase und Dämpfe (with 6. Supplement)
Author	Nabert, K.; Schön, G.
Year	1990
Publisher	Deutscher Eichverlag;Braunschweig (Pub.)
Abstract English	Safety values of about 1000 flammable gases and vapors: Explosion limits, ignition temperatures, flash points, explosion pressures.
Abstract German	Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen von ca. 1000 Gasen und Dämpfen: Explosionsgrenzen, Zündtemperaturen, Flammpunkte, Explosionsdrücke.
Language	GERM

7

1992

11 Vol%

UTI: 5500-000-001/20111005

UTI: 5500-000-001/20111005;

Line no	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit
	according to german standard property of pure substance	according to german standard property of pure substance
1	11 Vol% [A] [1]	77 Vol% [A] [1]

[A] DIN 51649-1: Determination of explosion limits of gases and gas/air mixtures; withdrawn, document was replaced by DIN EN 1839:2004-01

[1] Test method: DIN 51649-1

Bibliographic data

Year	1992
Title	Untersuchungsberichte des BAM-Laboratoriums II.22 Explosionsgrenzen, Zündtemperaturen und Stabilitätsgrenzdrücke brennbarer Gase und Gasgemische
Abstract English	Safety data of hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, other organinc compounds, and inorganic compounds; Stability pressure limits of acetylene, propadiene, methylacetylene, and acetylene/gas mixtures (gas: hydrogen, nitrogen, propane, methane)
Abstract German	Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen von Kohlenwasserstoffen, halogenierten Kohlenwasserstoffen, anderen organischen Verbindungen und anorganischen Verbindungen; Stabilitätsgrenzdrücke von Acetylen, Propadien, Methylacetylen und Acetylen/Gas-Gemischen (Gas: Wasserstoff, Stickstoff, Propan, Methan)
Language	GERM

8

1992

10.9 Vol% ... 11.3 Vol%

UTI: 5500-000-002/20111005

UTI: 5500-000-002/20111005;

Line no	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit
	according to german standard property of pure substance	according to german standard property of pure substance	according to german standard property of pure substance	according to german standard property of pure substance
1	10.9 Vol% [A] [1]	76 Vol% [A] [1]	11.3 Vol% [A] [2]	75.6 Vol% [A] [2]

[A] DIN 51649-1: Determination of explosion limits of gases and gas/air mixtures; withdrawn, document was replaced by DIN EN 1839:2004-01

[1] Test method: DIN 51649-1;\ relative humidity > 80%

[2] Test method: DIN 51649-1;\ relative humidity < 10%

Bibliographic data

Year	1992
Title	Untersuchungsberichte des BAM-Laboratoriums II.22 Explosionsgrenzen, Zündtemperaturen und Stabilitätsgrenzdrücke brennbarer Gase und Gasgemische
Abstract English	Safety data of hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, other organinc compounds, and inorganic compounds; Stability pressure limits of acetylene, propadiene, methylacetylene, and acetylene/gas mixtures (gas: hydrogen, nitrogen, propane, methane)
Abstract German	Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen von Kohlenwasserstoffen, halogenierten Kohlenwasserstoffen, anderen organischen Verbindungen und anorganischen Verbindungen; Stabilitätsgrenzdrücke von Acetylen, Propadien, Methylacetylen und Acetylen/Gas-Gemischen (Gas: Wasserstoff, Stickstoff, Propan, Methan)
Language	GERM

9

1992

10.9 Vol% ... 11.3 Vol%

UTI: 5500-000-002/20111005

UTI: 5500-000-002/20111005;

Line no	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit
	according to german standard property of pure substance	according to german standard property of pure substance	according to german standard property of pure substance	according to german standard property of pure substance
1	10.9 Vol% [A] [1]	76 Vol% [A] [1]	11.3 Vol% [A] [2]	75.6 Vol% [A] [2]

[A] DIN 51649-1: Determination of explosion limits of gases and gas/air mixtures; withdrawn, document was replaced by DIN EN 1839:2004-01

[1] Test method: DIN 51649-1;\ relative humidity > 80%

[2] Test method: DIN 51649-1;\ relative humidity < 10%

Bibliographic data

Year	1992
Title	Untersuchungsberichte des BAM-Laboratoriums II.22 Explosionsgrenzen, Zündtemperaturen und Stabilitätsgrenzdrücke brennbarer Gase und Gasgemische
Abstract English	Safety data of hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, other organinc compounds, and inorganic compounds; Stability pressure limits of acetylene, propadiene, methylacetylene, and acetylene/gas mixtures (gas: hydrogen, nitrogen, propane, methane)
Abstract German	Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen von Kohlenwasserstoffen, halogenierten Kohlenwasserstoffen, anderen organischen Verbindungen und anorganischen Verbindungen; Stabilitätsgrenzdrücke von Acetylen, Propadien, Methylacetylen und Acetylen/Gas-Gemischen (Gas: Wasserstoff, Stickstoff, Propan, Methan)
Language	GERM

10

Explosion limits as a function of T, P and vessel volume

2006

Holtappels, K.

1 bar ... 30 bar

20 °C ... 200 °C

13.6 Mol% ... 17.4 Mol%

UTI: 5579-006-001/20130403

Explosion limits as a function of T, P and vessel volume

UTI: 5579-006-001/20130403;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit
	Parameter of the measurement experimental property of pure substance	Parameter of the measurement experimental property of pure substance	Parameter of the measurement experimental property of pure substance	experimental property of pure substance	experimental property of pure substance
1	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	17.4 Mol%	60.2 Mol%
2	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16 Mol%	61 Mol%
3	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.2 Mol%	69.2 Mol%
4	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16.6 Mol%	68.2 Mol%
5	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.6 Mol%	69.4 Mol%
6	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.6 Mol%	67.4 Mol%
7	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.6 Mol%	66 Mol%
8	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.2 Mol%	72.4 Mol%

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

Bibliographic data

Title	Report on the experimentally determined explosion limits, explosion pressures and rates of explosion pressure rise - Part 2: ethane, ethylene, propane, n-butane, ammonia and carbon monoxide Contractual deliverable No. 9
Author	Holtappels, K.
Year	2006
Abstract English	Project SAFEKINEX: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072, The EN 1839 fixes the experimental basic principles of explosion indices determination, limited to atmospheric pressures. Influence of P, T, vessel vol., ignition source and energy on explosion indices were reported for P up to 30 bar and T up to 250 deg. C.
Abstract German	SAFEKINEX-Projekt: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072. EN 1839 Norm beschreibt die exp. Methode für atmosphärische Bedingung. Es werden die Einflüsse von P, T und Gefäßgröße, Zündarten, Zündenergie für Drücke bis 30 bar und T bis 250 °C auf Explosionskenngrößen vorgestellt.
Document Number	EXP-180
Institution	Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Technical University Delft
Language	ENGL

11

2016

BAM

101.3 kPa

20 °C

10.9 Vol% ... 11.3 Vol%

UTI: 5000-000-001/20111005

UTI: 5000-000-001/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit
	Parameter of the measurement property of pure substance	Parameter of the measurement property of pure substance	recommended value according to german standard property of pure substance	recommended value according to german standard property of pure substance	recommended value according to german standard property of pure substance	recommended value according to german standard property of pure substance
1	20 °C	101.3 kPa	10.9 Vol% [A] [1]	76 Vol% [A] [1]	11.3 Vol% [A] [2]	75.6 Vol% [A] [2]

[A] DIN 51649-1: Determination of explosion limits of gases and gas/air mixtures; withdrawn, document was replaced by DIN EN 1839:2004-01

[1] Test method: DIN 51649-1;\ relative humidity > 80%

[2] Test method: DIN 51649-1;\ relative humidity < 10%

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics and Classifications of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

Upper explosion limit

1

2016

BAM

101.3 kPa

20 °C

75.6 Vol% ... 76 Vol%

UTI: 5000-000-001/20111005

UTI: 5000-000-001/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit
	Parameter of the measurement property of pure substance	Parameter of the measurement property of pure substance	recommended value according to german standard property of pure substance	recommended value according to german standard property of pure substance	recommended value according to german standard property of pure substance	recommended value according to german standard property of pure substance
1	20 °C	101.3 kPa	10.9 Vol% [A] [1]	76 Vol% [A] [1]	11.3 Vol% [A] [2]	75.6 Vol% [A] [2]

[A] DIN 51649-1: Determination of explosion limits of gases and gas/air mixtures; withdrawn, document was replaced by DIN EN 1839:2004-01

[1] Test method: DIN 51649-1;\ relative humidity > 80%

[2] Test method: DIN 51649-1;\ relative humidity < 10%

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics and Classifications of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

2

1952

Coward, H. F.; Jones, G. W.

74 Vol%

UTI: 5512-007-001/20111005

UTI: 5512-007-001/20111005;

Line no	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit
	property of pure substance	property of pure substance
1	12.5 Vol% [1]	74 Vol% [1]

[1] Upward propagation of flame in large vessels, open at their lower ends.

Bibliographic data

Title	Limits of Flammability of Gases and Vapors (Bulletin 503)
Author	Coward, H. F.; Jones, G. W.
Year	1952
Abstract English	Explosion limits of individual gases in air, oxygen and nitrous oxide.
Abstract German	Explosionsgrenzen von reinen Gasen in Luft, Sauerstoff und Distickstoffoxid.
Document Number	Coward/Jon
Institution	U.S. Bureau of Mines
Publisher	United States Government Printing Office
Publisher City	Washington
Language	ENGL

3

1965

Zabetakis, M. G.

74 Vol%

UTI: 5511-005-001/20111005

UTI: 5511-005-001/20111005;

Line no	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit
	property of pure substance	property of pure substance
1	12.5 Vol%	74 Vol%

Bibliographic data

Title	Flammability Characteristics of Combustible Gases and Vapors (Bulletin 627)
Author	Zabetakis, M. G.
Year	1965
Abstract English	Summary of limits of flammability and ignition temperatures of individual gases and vapors in air at atmospheric pressure. Appendix A, Table A-1. Explosion ranges, limits of flammability, maximum oxygen contents, and other safety data of flammable gas mixtures.
Abstract German	Eine Zusammenstellung der Explosionsgrenzen und der Zündtemperaturen einiger brennbarer Gase und Dämpfe in Luft bei Atmosphärendruck; Appendix A, Tafel A-1. Explosionsbereiche, Explosionsgrenzen, maximale Sauerstoffanteile und andere sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen von brennbaren Gasgemischen.
Document Number	Zabetakis
Institution	U.S. Bureau of Mines
URL	https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/7328370
Publisher	United States Government Printing Office
Publisher City	Washington
Language	ENGL

4

1985

Kuchta, J. M.

74 Vol%

UTI: 5513-033-001/20111005

UTI: 5513-033-001/20111005;

Line no	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit	Autoignition Temperature
	25 °C, 1 bar property of pure substance	25 °C, 1 bar property of pure substance	property of pure substance
1	12.5 Vol%	74 Vol%	609 °C

Bibliographic data

Title	Investigation of Fire and Explosion Accidents in the Chemical, Mining, and Fuel-Related Industries - A Manual (Bulletin 680)
Author	Kuchta, J. M.
Year	1985
Abstract English	Summary of explosion limits, flash points, ignition temperatures and chemical-physical data of liquid and gaseous compounds (gaseous combustion in air at atmospheric pressure); Appendix A
Abstract German	Zusammenstellung von Explosionsgrenzen, Flammpunkten, Zündtemperaturen und chemisch-physikalischen Daten von Flüssigkeiten und Gasen (Explosion in der Gasphase bei Atmosphärendruck); Appendix A
Document Number	DEDO-117
Institution	U.S. Bureau of Mines
Publisher	United States Government Printing Office
Publisher City	Washington
Language	ENGL

5

1990

Nabert, K.; Schön, G.

895 g/m3 ± 5 %

UTI: 5510-024-001/20111005

UTI: 5510-024-001/20111005;

Line no	Lower explosion limit	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit	Upper explosion limit	Autoignition Temperature	Maximum explosion pressure
	at atmospheric pressure and room temperature according to german standard property of pure substance	according to german standard property of pure substance	at atmospheric pressure and room temperature according to german standard property of pure substance	according to german standard property of pure substance	according to german standard property of pure substance	experimental property of pure substance
1	127 g/m3 ± 10 % ⚠	11 Vol% ± 10 %	895 g/m3 ± 5 % ⚠	77 Vol% ± 5 %	605 °C [A] [1]	8.2 bar

[A] DIN 51794: Testing of mineral oil hydrocarbons - Determination of ignition temperature; measurements are technically identical to those of ISO/IEC 80079-20-1 but results are treated differently.

[1] Test method: DIN 51794 or comparable methods

⚠ The reference for the specification in g/m3 is the molar volume at 20 °C

Bibliographic data

Title	Sicherheitstechnische Kennzahlen brennbarer Gase und Dämpfe (with 6. Supplement)
Author	Nabert, K.; Schön, G.
Year	1990
Publisher	Deutscher Eichverlag;Braunschweig (Pub.)
Abstract English	Safety values of about 1000 flammable gases and vapors: Explosion limits, ignition temperatures, flash points, explosion pressures.
Abstract German	Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen von ca. 1000 Gasen und Dämpfen: Explosionsgrenzen, Zündtemperaturen, Flammpunkte, Explosionsdrücke.
Language	GERM

6

1990

Nabert, K.; Schön, G.

77 Vol% ± 5 %

UTI: 5510-024-001/20111005

UTI: 5510-024-001/20111005;

Line no	Lower explosion limit	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit	Upper explosion limit	Autoignition Temperature	Maximum explosion pressure
	at atmospheric pressure and room temperature according to german standard property of pure substance	according to german standard property of pure substance	at atmospheric pressure and room temperature according to german standard property of pure substance	according to german standard property of pure substance	according to german standard property of pure substance	experimental property of pure substance
1	127 g/m3 ± 10 % ⚠	11 Vol% ± 10 %	895 g/m3 ± 5 % ⚠	77 Vol% ± 5 %	605 °C [A] [1]	8.2 bar

[A] DIN 51794: Testing of mineral oil hydrocarbons - Determination of ignition temperature; measurements are technically identical to those of ISO/IEC 80079-20-1 but results are treated differently.

[1] Test method: DIN 51794 or comparable methods

⚠ The reference for the specification in g/m3 is the molar volume at 20 °C

Bibliographic data

Title	Sicherheitstechnische Kennzahlen brennbarer Gase und Dämpfe (with 6. Supplement)
Author	Nabert, K.; Schön, G.
Year	1990
Publisher	Deutscher Eichverlag;Braunschweig (Pub.)
Abstract English	Safety values of about 1000 flammable gases and vapors: Explosion limits, ignition temperatures, flash points, explosion pressures.
Abstract German	Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen von ca. 1000 Gasen und Dämpfen: Explosionsgrenzen, Zündtemperaturen, Flammpunkte, Explosionsdrücke.
Language	GERM

7

1992

77 Vol%

UTI: 5500-000-001/20111005

UTI: 5500-000-001/20111005;

Line no	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit
	according to german standard property of pure substance	according to german standard property of pure substance
1	11 Vol% [A] [1]	77 Vol% [A] [1]

[A] DIN 51649-1: Determination of explosion limits of gases and gas/air mixtures; withdrawn, document was replaced by DIN EN 1839:2004-01

[1] Test method: DIN 51649-1

Bibliographic data

Year	1992
Title	Untersuchungsberichte des BAM-Laboratoriums II.22 Explosionsgrenzen, Zündtemperaturen und Stabilitätsgrenzdrücke brennbarer Gase und Gasgemische
Abstract English	Safety data of hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, other organinc compounds, and inorganic compounds; Stability pressure limits of acetylene, propadiene, methylacetylene, and acetylene/gas mixtures (gas: hydrogen, nitrogen, propane, methane)
Abstract German	Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen von Kohlenwasserstoffen, halogenierten Kohlenwasserstoffen, anderen organischen Verbindungen und anorganischen Verbindungen; Stabilitätsgrenzdrücke von Acetylen, Propadien, Methylacetylen und Acetylen/Gas-Gemischen (Gas: Wasserstoff, Stickstoff, Propan, Methan)
Language	GERM

8

1992

75.6 Vol% ... 76 Vol%

UTI: 5500-000-002/20111005

UTI: 5500-000-002/20111005;

Line no	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit
	according to german standard property of pure substance	according to german standard property of pure substance	according to german standard property of pure substance	according to german standard property of pure substance
1	10.9 Vol% [A] [1]	76 Vol% [A] [1]	11.3 Vol% [A] [2]	75.6 Vol% [A] [2]

[A] DIN 51649-1: Determination of explosion limits of gases and gas/air mixtures; withdrawn, document was replaced by DIN EN 1839:2004-01

[1] Test method: DIN 51649-1;\ relative humidity > 80%

[2] Test method: DIN 51649-1;\ relative humidity < 10%

Bibliographic data

Year	1992
Title	Untersuchungsberichte des BAM-Laboratoriums II.22 Explosionsgrenzen, Zündtemperaturen und Stabilitätsgrenzdrücke brennbarer Gase und Gasgemische
Abstract English	Safety data of hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, other organinc compounds, and inorganic compounds; Stability pressure limits of acetylene, propadiene, methylacetylene, and acetylene/gas mixtures (gas: hydrogen, nitrogen, propane, methane)
Abstract German	Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen von Kohlenwasserstoffen, halogenierten Kohlenwasserstoffen, anderen organischen Verbindungen und anorganischen Verbindungen; Stabilitätsgrenzdrücke von Acetylen, Propadien, Methylacetylen und Acetylen/Gas-Gemischen (Gas: Wasserstoff, Stickstoff, Propan, Methan)
Language	GERM

9

1992

75.6 Vol% ... 76 Vol%

UTI: 5500-000-002/20111005

UTI: 5500-000-002/20111005;

Line no	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit
	according to german standard property of pure substance	according to german standard property of pure substance	according to german standard property of pure substance	according to german standard property of pure substance
1	10.9 Vol% [A] [1]	76 Vol% [A] [1]	11.3 Vol% [A] [2]	75.6 Vol% [A] [2]

[A] DIN 51649-1: Determination of explosion limits of gases and gas/air mixtures; withdrawn, document was replaced by DIN EN 1839:2004-01

[1] Test method: DIN 51649-1;\ relative humidity > 80%

[2] Test method: DIN 51649-1;\ relative humidity < 10%

Bibliographic data

Year	1992
Title	Untersuchungsberichte des BAM-Laboratoriums II.22 Explosionsgrenzen, Zündtemperaturen und Stabilitätsgrenzdrücke brennbarer Gase und Gasgemische
Abstract English	Safety data of hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, other organinc compounds, and inorganic compounds; Stability pressure limits of acetylene, propadiene, methylacetylene, and acetylene/gas mixtures (gas: hydrogen, nitrogen, propane, methane)
Abstract German	Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen von Kohlenwasserstoffen, halogenierten Kohlenwasserstoffen, anderen organischen Verbindungen und anorganischen Verbindungen; Stabilitätsgrenzdrücke von Acetylen, Propadien, Methylacetylen und Acetylen/Gas-Gemischen (Gas: Wasserstoff, Stickstoff, Propan, Methan)
Language	GERM

10

Explosion limits as a function of T, P and vessel volume

2006

Holtappels, K.

1 bar ... 30 bar

20 °C ... 200 °C

60.2 Mol% ... 72.4 Mol%

UTI: 5579-006-001/20130403

Explosion limits as a function of T, P and vessel volume

UTI: 5579-006-001/20130403;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Vessel volume	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit
	Parameter of the measurement experimental property of pure substance	Parameter of the measurement experimental property of pure substance	Parameter of the measurement experimental property of pure substance	experimental property of pure substance	experimental property of pure substance
1	20 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	17.4 Mol%	60.2 Mol%
2	20 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16 Mol%	61 Mol%
3	20 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.2 Mol%	69.2 Mol%
4	20 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	16.6 Mol%	68.2 Mol%
5	200 °C	1 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.6 Mol%	69.4 Mol%
6	200 °C	5 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.6 Mol%	67.4 Mol%
7	200 °C	10 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	13.6 Mol%	66 Mol%
8	200 °C	30 bar	0.006 m3 [1]	15.2 Mol%	72.4 Mol%

[1] Apparatus: 6-litre cylinder (h/d = 1.01)

Bibliographic data

Title	Report on the experimentally determined explosion limits, explosion pressures and rates of explosion pressure rise - Part 2: ethane, ethylene, propane, n-butane, ammonia and carbon monoxide Contractual deliverable No. 9
Author	Holtappels, K.
Year	2006
Abstract English	Project SAFEKINEX: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072, The EN 1839 fixes the experimental basic principles of explosion indices determination, limited to atmospheric pressures. Influence of P, T, vessel vol., ignition source and energy on explosion indices were reported for P up to 30 bar and T up to 250 deg. C.
Abstract German	SAFEKINEX-Projekt: SAFe and Efficient hydrocarbon oxidation processes by KINetics and Explosion eXpertise, Contract No. EVG1-CT-2002-00072. EN 1839 Norm beschreibt die exp. Methode für atmosphärische Bedingung. Es werden die Einflüsse von P, T und Gefäßgröße, Zündarten, Zündenergie für Drücke bis 30 bar und T bis 250 °C auf Explosionskenngrößen vorgestellt.
Document Number	EXP-180
Institution	Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Technical University Delft
Language	ENGL

11

2016

BAM

101.3 kPa

20 °C

75.6 Vol% ... 76 Vol%

UTI: 5000-000-001/20111005

UTI: 5000-000-001/20111005;

Line no	Temperature	Pressure	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit
	Parameter of the measurement property of pure substance	Parameter of the measurement property of pure substance	recommended value according to german standard property of pure substance	recommended value according to german standard property of pure substance	recommended value according to german standard property of pure substance	recommended value according to german standard property of pure substance
1	20 °C	101.3 kPa	10.9 Vol% [A] [1]	76 Vol% [A] [1]	11.3 Vol% [A] [2]	75.6 Vol% [A] [2]

[A] DIN 51649-1: Determination of explosion limits of gases and gas/air mixtures; withdrawn, document was replaced by DIN EN 1839:2004-01

[1] Test method: DIN 51649-1;\ relative humidity > 80%

[2] Test method: DIN 51649-1;\ relative humidity < 10%

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics and Classifications of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

Maximum experimental safe gap

1

2016

BAM

0.94 mm

UTI: 5000-000-002/20111005

UTI: 5000-000-002/20111005;

Line no	Autoignition Temperature	Maximum explosion pressure	Maximum experimental safe gap	Stoichiometric fraction of combustible substance in mixture with air	Stoichiometric fraction of combustible substance in mixture with oxygen
	recommended value according to german standard property of pure substance	recommended value experimental property of pure substance	recommended value property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance
1	605 °C [A] [1]	8.2 bar	0.94 mm	29.5 Mol%	66.7 Mol%

[A] DIN 51794: Testing of mineral oil hydrocarbons - Determination of ignition temperature; measurements are technically identical to those of ISO/IEC 80079-20-1 but results are treated differently.

[1] Test method: DIN 51794 or comparable methods

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics and Classifications of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

Maximum explosion pressure

1

2016

BAM

8.2 bar

UTI: 5000-000-002/20111005

UTI: 5000-000-002/20111005;

Line no	Autoignition Temperature	Maximum explosion pressure	Maximum experimental safe gap	Stoichiometric fraction of combustible substance in mixture with air	Stoichiometric fraction of combustible substance in mixture with oxygen
	recommended value according to german standard property of pure substance	recommended value experimental property of pure substance	recommended value property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance
1	605 °C [A] [1]	8.2 bar	0.94 mm	29.5 Mol%	66.7 Mol%

[A] DIN 51794: Testing of mineral oil hydrocarbons - Determination of ignition temperature; measurements are technically identical to those of ISO/IEC 80079-20-1 but results are treated differently.

[1] Test method: DIN 51794 or comparable methods

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics and Classifications of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

2

1990

Nabert, K.; Schön, G.

8.2 bar

UTI: 5510-024-001/20111005

UTI: 5510-024-001/20111005;

Line no	Lower explosion limit	Lower explosion limit	Upper explosion limit	Upper explosion limit	Autoignition Temperature	Maximum explosion pressure
	at atmospheric pressure and room temperature according to german standard property of pure substance	according to german standard property of pure substance	at atmospheric pressure and room temperature according to german standard property of pure substance	according to german standard property of pure substance	according to german standard property of pure substance	experimental property of pure substance
1	127 g/m3 ± 10 % ⚠	11 Vol% ± 10 %	895 g/m3 ± 5 % ⚠	77 Vol% ± 5 %	605 °C [A] [1]	8.2 bar

[A] DIN 51794: Testing of mineral oil hydrocarbons - Determination of ignition temperature; measurements are technically identical to those of ISO/IEC 80079-20-1 but results are treated differently.

[1] Test method: DIN 51794 or comparable methods

⚠ The reference for the specification in g/m3 is the molar volume at 20 °C

Bibliographic data

Title	Sicherheitstechnische Kennzahlen brennbarer Gase und Dämpfe (with 6. Supplement)
Author	Nabert, K.; Schön, G.
Year	1990
Publisher	Deutscher Eichverlag;Braunschweig (Pub.)
Abstract English	Safety values of about 1000 flammable gases and vapors: Explosion limits, ignition temperatures, flash points, explosion pressures.
Abstract German	Sicherheitstechnische Kenngrößen von ca. 1000 Gasen und Dämpfen: Explosionsgrenzen, Zündtemperaturen, Flammpunkte, Explosionsdrücke.
Language	GERM

Stoichiometric fraction of combustible substance in mixture with air

1

2016

BAM

29.5 Mol%

UTI: 5000-000-002/20111005

UTI: 5000-000-002/20111005;

Line no	Autoignition Temperature	Maximum explosion pressure	Maximum experimental safe gap	Stoichiometric fraction of combustible substance in mixture with air	Stoichiometric fraction of combustible substance in mixture with oxygen
	recommended value according to german standard property of pure substance	recommended value experimental property of pure substance	recommended value property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance
1	605 °C [A] [1]	8.2 bar	0.94 mm	29.5 Mol%	66.7 Mol%

[A] DIN 51794: Testing of mineral oil hydrocarbons - Determination of ignition temperature; measurements are technically identical to those of ISO/IEC 80079-20-1 but results are treated differently.

[1] Test method: DIN 51794 or comparable methods

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics and Classifications of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM

Stoichiometric fraction of combustible substance in mixture with oxygen

1

2016

BAM

66.7 Mol%

UTI: 5000-000-002/20111005

UTI: 5000-000-002/20111005;

Line no	Autoignition Temperature	Maximum explosion pressure	Maximum experimental safe gap	Stoichiometric fraction of combustible substance in mixture with air	Stoichiometric fraction of combustible substance in mixture with oxygen
	recommended value according to german standard property of pure substance	recommended value experimental property of pure substance	recommended value property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance	defined value property of pure substance
1	605 °C [A] [1]	8.2 bar	0.94 mm	29.5 Mol%	66.7 Mol%

[A] DIN 51794: Testing of mineral oil hydrocarbons - Determination of ignition temperature; measurements are technically identical to those of ISO/IEC 80079-20-1 but results are treated differently.

[1] Test method: DIN 51794 or comparable methods

Bibliographic data

Year	2016
Title	Recommended Safety Characteristics and Classifications of Flammable Gases and Gas Mixtures
Database	BAM
Publisher	Datenbank BAM-Projekt CHEMSAFE
Language	GERM